Is Temazepam a Benzodiazepine?
Yes, temazepam is definitively a benzodiazepine hypnotic agent. 1
Drug Classification
Temazepam is classified as a 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative and is a Schedule IV controlled substance under the DEA. 1, 2, 3 The FDA drug label explicitly states that "temazepam is a benzodiazepine and a CNS depressant with a potential for abuse and addiction." 1
Chemical Structure and Properties
- Temazepam's chemical name is 7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one, with the molecular formula C16H13ClN2O2. 1
- It is a minor metabolite of diazepam (another benzodiazepine) and functions as a benzodiazepine receptor agonist. 3
Clinical Context and Treatment Position
While temazepam is indeed a benzodiazepine, it is recommended only as a second-line pharmacologic option for insomnia treatment, after non-benzodiazepine hypnotics (Z-drugs like zolpidem, eszopiclone, zaleplon) and ramelteon have been tried. 4 The American Academy of Sleep Medicine places temazepam lower in the treatment algorithm compared to Z-drugs specifically because it is a benzodiazepine with associated risks. 5, 4
Key Safety Considerations
- As a benzodiazepine, temazepam carries significant risks including physical dependence, withdrawal reactions, abuse potential, and association with dementia in observational studies. 4, 1
- The FDA warns that benzodiazepines like temazepam can cause severe drowsiness, respiratory depression, coma, and death when combined with opioids, alcohol, or other CNS depressants. 1
- Abrupt discontinuation can precipitate life-threatening withdrawal reactions including seizures. 1