From the Guidelines
Lactoferrin is a valuable biomarker for detecting moderate to severe endoscopic inflammation in ulcerative colitis, with a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 75% at a cutoff of 7.25 mg/g, as reported in the 2023 study published in Gastroenterology 1. When considering the use of lactoferrin as a diagnostic tool, it is essential to understand its performance characteristics. The evidence base for fecal lactoferrin is limited, but the available studies suggest that it can be a useful marker for detecting endoscopic inflammation.
- The sensitivity and specificity of fecal lactoferrin for detecting endoscopic inflammation are 83% and 75%, respectively, at a cutoff of 7.25 mg/g 1.
- The commercial assay for lactoferrin reports results as positive or negative, corresponding to a cutoff of 7.25 mg/g.
- The studies reported performance of only a single lactoferrin cutoff within a range of 7.25–10 mg/g. In clinical practice, lactoferrin can be a helpful tool for managing ulcerative colitis, particularly when used in conjunction with other diagnostic modalities.
- Lactoferrin can help identify patients with moderate to severe endoscopic inflammation, allowing for targeted treatment and monitoring.
- The use of lactoferrin as a biomarker can also help reduce the need for invasive procedures, such as colonoscopy, and improve patient outcomes. Overall, the evidence suggests that lactoferrin is a useful biomarker for detecting endoscopic inflammation in ulcerative colitis, and its use can improve patient care and outcomes 1.
From the Research
Lactoferrin Overview
- Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein found in mucosal secretions, characterized by its wide range of functions, including immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities 2.
- LF has been reported to perform diverse biological functions, including antibacterial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, intestinal barrier protection, and immune cell modulation 3.
- It has numerous biological roles, including the regulation of iron absorption and modulation of immune responses, and has anti-microbial, anti-viral, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activities 4.
Clinical Significance and Applications
- LF may be regarded as a potential inhibitor of enveloped viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, and has been used as an adjuvant therapy for some intestinal diseases 2, 4.
- The improved understanding of the properties of LF in intestine mucosal immune system and IBD will facilitate its application in nutrition, clinical medicine, and health 3.
- LF supplementation has been shown to reduce systemic inflammation, improve immune function, and prevent respiratory tract infections in humans 5.