From the Research
Retropharyngeal abscess risk is significantly increased by immunocompromised states, including diabetes, as evidenced by a case report where a retropharyngeal abscess revealed diabetes mellitus 1. The risk factors for retropharyngeal abscess can be categorized into several key areas, including:
- Upper respiratory tract infections, which are the most common precipitating cause
- Trauma to the posterior pharyngeal wall from foreign body ingestion, instrumentation, or penetrating injuries
- Dental infections, particularly involving the molars
- Immunocompromised states, such as diabetes, HIV/AIDS, chronic steroid use, and malnutrition, which increase susceptibility
- Congenital abnormalities of the pharynx or cervical spine, which may predispose individuals to infection The most common bacterial pathogens include group A Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, and anaerobes, which typically spread from adjacent structures through lymphatic drainage or direct extension 2. It is essential to recognize that immunocompromised patients, including those with diabetes, are at a higher risk of developing infections, including retropharyngeal abscess, due to their weakened immune system 3, 4. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully explore the immunological status of patients presenting with retropharyngeal abscess and manage them accordingly to prevent serious complications. Key considerations in the management of retropharyngeal abscess include early recognition, prompt surgical drainage, and appropriate antibiotic therapy, taking into account the patient's individual characteristics and the severity of the infection 2.