What is the typical breath sound and its clinical significance?

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Last updated: February 13, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

Typical breath sounds in COPD patients are often quiet or diminished.

Clinical Significance

  • The presence of quiet or diminished breath sounds can be a moderately strong predictor of COPD, with a positive likelihood ratio of greater than 5.0 when combined with hyperresonance 1.
  • Other physical signs, such as wheezing during tidal breathing, prolonged forced expiratory time, and hyperresonance, may also be elicited in patients with COPD 1.
  • However, the sensitivity and reproducibility of physical examination for detecting or excluding COPD are poor, and the absence of these signs does not exclude the disease 1.
  • The clinical significance of breath sounds in COPD patients is influenced by the degree of airflow limitation, pulmonary hyperinflation, and body build 1.
  • Additional diagnostic tools, such as chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) scans, may be used to support the diagnosis and assess the severity of COPD 1.
  • The use of accessory muscles, pursed-lip breathing, and central cyanosis may indicate severe airflow obstruction, while peripheral oedema, raised jugular venous pressure, and signs of pulmonary hypertension may suggest the development of cor pulmonale 1.

From the Research

Typical Breath Sound

  • Normal breath sounds occur when no respiratory problems exist, and are typically clear and without any additional noises 2
  • Adventitious lung sounds, such as wheezes, rhonchi, and crackles, are usually associated with certain pulmonary pathologies 2

Clinical Significance

  • Detection of abnormal respiratory sounds with a stethoscope is important in diagnosing respiratory diseases and providing first aid 3
  • Accurate interpretation of respiratory sounds requires a clinician's considerable expertise, and trainees may sometimes misidentify respiratory sounds 3
  • Automated classification of breath sounds using deep learning techniques can aid in the rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment of respiratory diseases 3
  • Lung sound patterns can help distinguish between different respiratory conditions, such as congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma exacerbations 4
  • Breath sound intensity can vary between different respiratory conditions, and can be used to evaluate the severity of disease 5

Breath Sound Characteristics

  • Normal breath sounds have a consistent intensity and frequency, while adventitious sounds can have varying intensities and frequencies 2
  • Wheezes are typically high-pitched sounds, while rhonchi are lower-pitched sounds 2
  • Crackles are typically heard during inspiration, and can be fine or coarse 2
  • Breath sound intensity can be affected by factors such as airflow, lung volume, and airway resistance 5

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Lung and Heart Sounds Analysis: State-of-the-Art and Future Trends.

Critical reviews in biomedical engineering, 2018

Research

Lung sound patterns help to distinguish congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma exacerbations.

Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 2012

Research

Breath Sound Intensity during Tidal Breathing in COPD Patients.

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 2015

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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