Differential Diagnosis for a 3cm X 2cm Mass under the Submandibular Region
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Submandibular gland stone or sialolithiasis: This condition is a common cause of a firm, non-mobile mass under the submandibular region due to the formation of stones within the submandibular gland or its ducts, leading to obstruction and swelling.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Submandibular gland tumor (benign or malignant): Tumors of the submandibular gland, such as pleomorphic adenoma or adenoid cystic carcinoma, can present as a firm mass in this region.
- Lymphadenopathy: Enlarged lymph nodes under the submandibular region can be due to various causes, including infections, autoimmune diseases, or metastatic disease.
- Submandibular gland inflammation or infection: Conditions like sialadenitis can cause swelling and a firm mass in the submandibular area.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Metastatic cancer to the submandibular lymph nodes: Although less common, it's crucial to consider metastasis from other primary sites, such as the oral cavity, thyroid, or skin, as it significantly affects management and prognosis.
- Parotid gland tumor with extension: Although the mass is described under the submandibular region, tumors from the parotid gland can extend and present in this area, especially if they are large.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Branchial cleft cyst: A congenital anomaly that can present as a firm, non-mobile mass in the neck, including under the submandibular region, although it's more commonly found anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
- Carotid body tumor: A rare, usually benign tumor located at the bifurcation of the carotid artery, which can present as a firm neck mass, though typically it is more posterior and higher in the neck.
- Neurogenic tumor: Tumors originating from nerve tissue, such as schwannomas or neurofibromas, can occasionally present in this region, though they are less common.