From the Guidelines
Struvite kidney stones are the most common type of kidney stones in patients with frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs). These stones, also known as infection stones or magnesium ammonium phosphate stones, form when bacteria that cause UTIs produce an enzyme called urease, as noted in the American Urological Association guideline 1. The formation of struvite stones is a consequence of urinary infection with a urease-producing organism, which can lead to the production of ammonia and the creation of an alkaline environment that promotes the formation of struvite crystals. Some key points to consider in the management of struvite stones include:
- Treating the underlying infection with appropriate antibiotics
- Surgical removal of the stones if necessary
- Preventive measures such as increased fluid intake and urinary acidification
- Evaluating patients with recurrent UTIs for anatomical abnormalities or other factors that might predispose them to infections and subsequent stone formation, as patients treated for struvite stones may still be at risk for recurrent UTI after stone removal 1. The bacteria most commonly associated with struvite stones include Proteus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and some Staphylococcus species. Management of struvite stones should prioritize treating the underlying infection and preventing future stone formation, as the presence of these stones can indicate an increased risk of recurrent UTIs 1.
From the Research
Kidney Stone Types and UTIs
- The most common type of kidney stone in patients with frequent UTIs is not explicitly stated in the provided studies as the most common type. However, it can be inferred that struvite stones are associated with UTIs, as they occur more frequently in patients at greater risk for urinary tract infections 2, 3.
- Struvite stones are often found in patients with a history of UTIs, particularly those caused by urease-producing bacteria 2, 3.
- Other types of kidney stones, such as calcium oxalate stones, are also common but not specifically linked to UTIs in the provided studies 4, 5.
Struvite Stones and UTIs
- Struvite stones are more frequently found in women, infants, and the elderly, who are at greater risk for UTIs 2.
- Effective management of struvite stones requires a comprehensive approach to eliminate the stone burden and prevent stone recurrence, including routine laboratory testing, urine cultures, and appropriate antibiotic use 2.
- Multimodality therapy, including surgical and medical techniques, is often necessary to treat struvite stones and prevent recurrence 3.