From the Guidelines
Thrombocytosis is primarily caused by myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), such as polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) 1, 2, 3.
Common Causes of Thrombocytosis
- Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs): MPNs, including PV and ET, are characterized by the overproduction of platelets, leading to thrombocytosis 1, 2, 3.
- Reactive thrombocytosis: This occurs in response to inflammation, infection, or other conditions, such as Kawasaki disease 4.
- Iron deficiency: Iron deficiency can lead to an increase in platelet production, resulting in thrombocytosis.
- Splenectomy: Removal of the spleen can lead to an increase in platelet count, as the spleen normally removes old or damaged platelets from the circulation.
Other Factors Associated with Thrombocytosis
- Leukocytosis: An increase in white blood cell count is often associated with MPNs and can contribute to thrombocytosis 1, 2.
- JAK2V617F mutation: This mutation is commonly found in MPNs and can contribute to thrombocytosis 1, 2.
- Hormonal factors: Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during pregnancy, can increase the risk of thrombocytosis 1, 3.
- Inherited thrombophilias: Certain genetic mutations, such as factor V Leiden, can increase the risk of thrombocytosis 3. It is essential to note that the causes of thrombocytosis can vary depending on the individual and the underlying condition. A thorough evaluation and diagnosis by a healthcare professional are necessary to determine the underlying cause of thrombocytosis.
From the Research
Causes of Thrombocytosis
Thrombocytosis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
- Primary thrombocytosis, which is often due to essential thrombocythemia (ET) or other myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) 5
- Secondary thrombocytosis, which can be caused by:
- Infections, such as bacterial or viral infections 6, 7, 8
- Tissue injury or damage 7, 8
- Chronic inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease 7, 8
- Iron deficiency anemia 7
- Malignancy or cancer 8
- Rebound thrombocytosis, which can occur after a period of thrombocytopenia 8
- Postsplenectomy patients 8
Classification of Thrombocytosis
Thrombocytosis can be classified as:
- Primary thrombocytosis, which is further divided into:
- Familial thrombocytosis
- Essential thrombocytosis (ET)
- Secondary thrombocytosis, which is also known as reactive thrombocytosis (RT) 9
Clinical Characteristics of Thrombocytosis
Patients with thrombocytosis may present with:
- Elevated platelet count, which can be mild, moderate, or severe 9
- Clinical characteristics such as fever, tachycardia, weight loss, hypoalbuminemia, neutrophilia, leukocytosis, and anemia 6
- Increased risk of thrombosis or bleeding complications, particularly in patients with primary thrombocytosis 5, 7