In what areas is injection of lidocaine with epinephrine (adrenaline) contraindicated?

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Last updated: February 13, 2025View editorial policy

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From the FDA Drug Label

CONTRAINDICATIONS Lidocaine HCl is contraindicated in patients with a known history of hypersensitivity to local anesthetics of the amide type. The FDA drug label does not answer the question.

From the Research

Contraindications for Injection of Lidocaine with Epinephrine

The areas where injection of lidocaine with epinephrine is contraindicated include:

  • Fingers
  • Toes
  • Penis
  • Outer ear
  • Tip of the nose

However, several studies have challenged these contraindications, suggesting that the use of lidocaine with epinephrine in these areas may be safe 1, 2, 3, 4.

Rationale Behind Contraindications

The traditional concern is that epinephrine-induced vasoconstriction may lead to necrosis in areas with end-arteries, such as the fingers, toes, penis, outer ear, and tip of the nose 5.

Reevaluation of Contraindications

Recent studies have found no evidence to support the belief that local anesthesia with epinephrine can cause necrosis in end-arteries 2, 3, 4. In fact, the use of lidocaine with epinephrine in these areas has been shown to be safe and effective, with many clinical and economic advantages 1, 2, 3, 4.

References

Research

Epinephrine-supplemented local anesthetics for ear and nose surgery: clinical use without complications in more than 10,000 surgical procedures.

Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG, 2005

Research

Use of local anesthetics with an epinephrine additive on fingers and penis - dogma and reality.

Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG, 2021

Research

Epinephrine in local anesthesia in finger and hand surgery: the case for wide-awake anesthesia.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2013

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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