Differential Diagnosis of Swyer-James Syndrome
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans: This is the most common cause of Swyer-James syndrome, which is characterized by a chronic and irreversible obstruction of the small airways, often following a severe respiratory infection in childhood.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Cystic fibrosis: Although less common, cystic fibrosis can also lead to Swyer-James syndrome due to chronic inflammation and bronchiectasis.
- Chronic lung disease of prematurity: Premature infants with chronic lung disease may develop Swyer-James syndrome due to lung injury and subsequent bronchiolitis obliterans.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Tuberculosis: Although rare, tuberculosis can cause Swyer-James syndrome, and missing this diagnosis could have severe consequences due to the need for specific antimicrobial treatment.
- Immunodeficiency disorders: Certain immunodeficiency disorders, such as HIV/AIDS, can increase the risk of opportunistic infections that may lead to Swyer-James syndrome, making it crucial not to miss these underlying conditions.
Rare Diagnoses
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A rare condition characterized by progressive scarring of the lungs, which can lead to Swyer-James syndrome in some cases.
- Congenital pulmonary airway malformation: Rare congenital anomalies of the lung, such as congenital pulmonary airway malformation, can also lead to Swyer-James syndrome.
- Inhalational injuries: Severe inhalational injuries, such as those caused by smoke or toxic fumes, can result in Swyer-James syndrome, although this is a rare occurrence.