Dizziness as a Symptom
Dizziness is a common symptom that can be caused by a variety of conditions. Here are some commonly associated symptoms and differential diagnoses:
- Associated symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, headache, fatigue, blurred vision, and loss of balance.
- Differential diagnoses:
- Single most likely diagnosis: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - a condition related to the inner ear that causes brief, intense episodes of vertigo.
- Other Likely diagnoses:
- Vestibular migraine - a type of migraine that affects the vestibular system and causes dizziness.
- Labyrinthitis - an inner ear disorder that causes dizziness, hearing loss, and balance problems.
- Medication side effects - certain medications, such as sedatives and antidepressants, can cause dizziness as a side effect.
- Do Not Miss:
- Stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) - a sudden loss of brain function that can cause dizziness, among other symptoms.
- Meniere's disease - a disorder of the inner ear that causes dizziness, hearing loss, and tinnitus.
- Rare diagnoses:
- Acoustic neuroma - a rare, non-cancerous tumor that grows on the nerve that connects the inner ear to the brain.
- Multiple sclerosis - a chronic disease that affects the central nervous system and can cause dizziness, among other symptoms.
Dysuria as a Symptom
Dysuria is a symptom that refers to painful or difficult urination. Here are some commonly associated symptoms and differential diagnoses:
- Associated symptoms: Frequent urination, urgency, hematuria, and suprapubic discomfort.
- Differential diagnoses:
- Single most likely diagnosis: Urinary tract infection (UTI) - a bacterial infection that causes inflammation and irritation of the urinary tract.
- Other Likely diagnoses:
- Kidney stones - small, hard mineral deposits that can cause pain and difficulty urinating.
- Prostatitis - inflammation of the prostate gland that can cause painful urination.
- Interstitial cystitis - a chronic condition that causes bladder pressure and pain.
- Do Not Miss:
- Kidney infection (pyelonephritis) - a bacterial infection that can cause severe illness and damage to the kidneys.
- Bladder cancer - a type of cancer that can cause painful urination, among other symptoms.
- Rare diagnoses:
- Urethral stricture - a narrowing of the urethra that can cause difficulty urinating.
- Neurogenic bladder - a condition that affects the nerves that control the bladder, causing urinary retention or incontinence.