What are the benefits of Vitamin B12 for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

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Dainyal Siddiqui, MD

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Manuel Jimenez, MD

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Franz Pierre-Louis, MD

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Last updated: April 9, 2025 • View editorial policy

From the Guidelines

Vitamin B12 may have a beneficial effect on ADHD symptoms, particularly in individuals with deficiencies, as it plays a crucial role in neurological function and neurotransmitter production, although it is not a primary treatment for ADHD. The evidence from various studies suggests that vitamin B12 supplementation may be beneficial for individuals with ADHD, especially those with deficiencies, as it helps produce neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin, which are involved in attention and mood regulation 1. For those considering supplementation, typical adult doses range from 2.4-100 mcg daily, while children's doses should be determined by a healthcare provider. It is essential to note that vitamin B12 is available as oral supplements, sublingual tablets, or injections for those with absorption issues. Individuals with ADHD who also experience fatigue, memory problems, or have restricted diets (like vegans) may particularly benefit from B12 supplementation. However, it is crucial to have B12 levels tested before starting supplements, as excessive amounts won't provide additional benefits and could potentially cause side effects. While B12 may complement conventional ADHD treatments like stimulant medications and behavioral therapy, it should not replace them. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen, especially for children with ADHD.

Some key points to consider:

  • Vitamin B12 plays a crucial role in neurological function and neurotransmitter production
  • Supplementation may be beneficial for individuals with ADHD, especially those with deficiencies
  • Typical adult doses range from 2.4-100 mcg daily
  • Children's doses should be determined by a healthcare provider
  • B12 is available as oral supplements, sublingual tablets, or injections for those with absorption issues
  • Individuals with restricted diets (like vegans) may particularly benefit from B12 supplementation
  • It is essential to have B12 levels tested before starting supplements to avoid excessive amounts and potential side effects.

The most recent and highest quality study on this topic is not directly related to the question, but a study from 2 mentions that individuals on sapropterin therapy may require supplementation with a multivitamin and/or amino acids, including vitamin B12, to reach recommended daily allowances. Another study from 3 and 4 discusses the pharmacological treatment of ADHD, but does not specifically address the role of vitamin B12 in ADHD treatment.

From the Research

Vitamin B12 and ADHD

The relationship between vitamin B12 and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been investigated in several studies.

  • Vitamin B12 levels were found to be significantly lower in children with ADHD compared to healthy controls 5, 6, 7.
  • A negative correlation was observed between vitamin B12 levels and hyperactivity and/or impulsivity and oppositionality symptoms in children with ADHD 6.
  • Lower concentrations of vitamin B12 were also associated with ADHD diagnosis and symptom severity in adults 8.

Potential Benefits of Vitamin B12 for ADHD

The potential benefits of vitamin B12 for ADHD include:

  • Reduced symptom severity: Vitamin B12 supplementation may help reduce symptom severity in individuals with ADHD 6.
  • Improved cognitive function: Vitamin B12 plays a crucial role in cognitive function, and supplementation may help improve cognitive function in individuals with ADHD 7.
  • Reduced risk of ADHD: Vitamin B12 deficiency may be a risk factor for ADHD, and supplementation may help reduce the risk of developing ADHD 7.

Limitations and Future Research

While the current evidence suggests a potential link between vitamin B12 and ADHD, there are several limitations and areas for future research:

  • More studies are needed to fully understand the relationship between vitamin B12 and ADHD 5, 8, 6, 7.
  • The current evidence is largely based on observational studies, and randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the findings 9.
  • The optimal dosage and duration of vitamin B12 supplementation for ADHD are unknown and require further investigation 5, 8, 6, 7.

References

1
Guideline

dietary interventions in mild cognitive impairment and dementia.

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 2019

5
Research

Vitamins B9 and B12 in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 2024

8
Research

Vitamin levels in adults with ADHD.

BJPsych open, 2016

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Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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