From the Guidelines
Pregnant women should consume an additional 300 kcal/day during the second and third trimesters to support fetal growth and development, as recommended by the most recent and highest quality study 1. The energy needs during pregnancy vary by trimester, with no increase in the first trimester, and an additional 300 kcal/day suggested during the second and third trimesters for increases in maternal blood volume, breast, uterus, and adipose tissue, placental growth, fetal growth, and amniotic fluids 1.
- The recommended dietary reference intake for all pregnant people is a minimum of 175 g of carbohydrate, a minimum of 71 g of protein, and 28 g of fiber 1.
- Women who begin pregnancy underweight may need more calories, while those who are overweight may need fewer additional calories 1.
- Rather than focusing solely on calorie counting, pregnant women should prioritize nutrient-dense foods including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats 1.
- Regular prenatal check-ups will help monitor appropriate weight gain throughout pregnancy 1. Key points to consider when determining calorie needs during pregnancy include:
- Pre-pregnancy weight and body mass index (BMI)
- Trimester of pregnancy
- Physical activity level
- Presence of any health conditions, such as gestational diabetes 1.
From the Research
Caloric Intake During Pregnancy
- The recommended caloric intake during pregnancy is not explicitly stated in the provided studies, but one study mentions that the additional energy intake recommended for pregnancy beginning in the second trimester is 340 kilocalories 2.
- Another study reports that the mean energy intake of pregnant women in the United Arab Emirates was 1345kcal 3.
- However, it is essential to note that these values may not be universally applicable and may vary depending on individual factors such as age, weight, and activity level.
Nutrient Intake During Pregnancy
- Pregnant women are at risk of inadequate intake of key nutrients, including vitamin A, vitamin D, folic acid, calcium, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids 2, 4.
- The consumption of micronutrients is often below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) 3.
- Dietary supplements may be necessary to meet the recommended intake of certain nutrients, such as vitamin D and iron 2, 4.
Dietary Recommendations During Pregnancy
- Pregnant women should aim to consume a balanced diet that includes a variety of whole foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats 2, 3.
- It is crucial to identify energy-efficient foods that provide sufficient doses of essential nutrients without exceeding the recommended caloric intake 2.
- Further research is needed to investigate dietary patterns and influences in pregnant women and to inform government strategies and interventions 3.