From the Research
Poland syndrome is a rare congenital condition that requires a multidisciplinary approach for management, including thoracic, plastic, and pediatric surgeons, as well as psychologists and developmental growth specialists, with the goal of achieving both structural and cosmetic correction to reverse the psychological and social impact and achieve patient satisfaction. The condition is characterized by the underdevelopment or absence of the chest muscle (pectoralis major) on one side of the body, typically the right side, along with possible abnormalities of the hand on the same side 1. Treatment depends on the severity and may include reconstructive surgery to improve chest wall appearance using implants, tissue transfers, or custom prosthetics, with a recent study suggesting that a multidisciplinary approach focusing on patient education, expectation management, and psychological support is crucial for improved outcomes in pediatric Poland syndrome breast and chest wall reconstruction 2. Hand abnormalities might require specialized surgical procedures to improve function, and the use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and fat transfer have shown promising results in recent times for correction of chest defects and breast augmentation 3. The condition results from interrupted blood flow to developing tissues during the sixth week of embryonic development, affecting the subclavian artery that supplies the chest wall and hand, and while most cases occur sporadically without a clear genetic cause, Poland syndrome doesn't typically worsen over time and doesn't affect lifespan 4. Some key points to consider in the management of Poland syndrome include:
- Comprehensive imaging with CT and MRI with 3D reconstruction is crucial for providing a descriptive assessment of musculoskeletal defects 1
- A multidisciplinary approach is essential for achieving optimal outcomes 2
- Psychological support may be important for patients dealing with body image concerns related to the physical asymmetry 2
- Treatment is individualized and often involves a combination of surgical and non-surgical interventions 5