Differential Diagnosis for Cough
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Acute Bronchitis: This is often the most common cause of cough, typically resulting from a viral upper respiratory infection. It's characterized by a cough that may produce mucus, often accompanied by other symptoms like sore throat and runny nose.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Asthma: A chronic condition causing inflammation and constriction of the airways, leading to cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. It can be triggered by various factors including allergens, respiratory infections, and irritants.
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Includes conditions like emphysema and chronic bronchitis, characterized by long-term breathing problems and cough, often with a history of smoking.
- Allergic Rhinitis: An allergic reaction to airborne allergens like pollen, dust mites, or pet dander, leading to symptoms including cough, sneezing, runny or itchy nose, and nasal congestion.
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Stomach acid flowing back into the esophagus can cause a cough, often accompanied by heartburn and regurgitation.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. It's crucial to diagnose promptly as it can be life-threatening, especially in vulnerable populations like the elderly and young children.
- Pulmonary Embolism: A blockage of an artery in the lungs that can cause sudden onset of cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath. It's a medical emergency requiring immediate attention.
- Lung Cancer: Although less common, a persistent cough can be an early symptom of lung cancer, especially in smokers or those exposed to carcinogens.
- Tuberculosis (TB): A bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs, causing cough, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. It's essential to diagnose and treat to prevent spread and complications.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Cystic Fibrosis: A genetic disorder leading to severe respiratory and digestive problems, characterized by a persistent cough, recurrent lung infections, and malnutrition.
- Sarcoidosis: An inflammatory disease that can affect multiple organs, including the lungs, causing cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain.
- Bronchiectasis: A condition where parts of the airways are permanently enlarged, leading to a chronic cough, frequent infections, and excessive mucus production.
- Aspiration Pneumonia: Caused by inhaling food, liquids, or other materials into the lungs, which can lead to a severe cough, difficulty breathing, and fever.