Is Sex During Menstruation Safe?
Yes, sex during menstruation is physically safe and acceptable, but you should use condoms consistently during this time because the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may be increased. 1, 2
Key Safety Considerations
STI Risk During Menstruation
- Sexual intercourse during menses is associated with a statistically significant increase in self-reported STD history, even after controlling for other risk factors. 2
- The increased susceptibility to STIs during menstruation may be explained by the sexual behavior itself and/or by a hampered innate immune system response during menses. 1
- Consistent and correct condom use is essential during menstrual intercourse to reduce STI transmission risk, including HIV. 3, 4
What Is NOT Increased During Menstruation
- Intercourse during menses is probably not associated with increased risk for pelvic inflammatory disease. 1
Pregnancy Risk Considerations
- While pregnancy risk is generally lower during menstruation, it is not zero—particularly for women with shorter or irregular cycles. 5
- Women with cycles shorter than 26 days experience earlier ovulation, and the fertile window can begin as early as day 6 of the cycle. 5
- If pregnancy prevention is desired, continue using your regular contraceptive method even during menstruation. 3
Practical Recommendations
For STI Prevention
- Use a new condom for every act of vaginal sex during menstruation, from start to finish. 3
- Ensure adequate water-based lubrication; avoid oil-based lubricants as they can weaken latex condoms. 3
Common Pitfalls to Avoid
- Do not assume menstruation provides natural protection against pregnancy or STIs—it does not. 5, 2
- Do not use menstruation as a reason to discontinue barrier protection if you're at risk for STIs. 3, 4
Who Practices This?
- Approximately 25-30% of sexually active women report usually having intercourse during menstruation. 1, 2, 6
- This practice is more common among women who have intercourse more frequently, those with higher education levels, and younger women. 2, 6
- About 70% of couples avoid sexual relations during menstruation, often due to cultural attitudes rather than medical concerns. 6