Is a white blood cell (WBC) count of 0-2 per high power field (HPF) in a urinalysis (UA) considered normal?

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Last updated: December 29, 2025View editorial policy

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Is 0-2 WBC/HPF on Urinalysis Normal?

Yes, 0-2 white blood cells per high-power field (WBC/HPF) on urinalysis is definitively normal and effectively rules out urinary tract infection and significant urinary tract inflammation. 1, 2

Normal Reference Range

  • The threshold for clinically significant pyuria is ≥3 WBC/HPF according to the American Urological Association's definition of microhematuria workup, which uses this same microscopic examination standard 1

  • Most clinical guidelines define pyuria requiring further evaluation as ≥5-10 WBC/HPF, making your result of 0-2 WBC/HPF well below any pathological threshold 2, 3

  • The Infectious Diseases Society of America specifically states that ≥10 WBC/HPF is the standard cutoff for pyuria that warrants consideration of UTI when combined with symptoms 2

Clinical Significance

  • A finding of 0-2 WBC/HPF has excellent negative predictive value for ruling out urinary tract infection, particularly when combined with negative leukocyte esterase and nitrite testing 2

  • This WBC count indicates the absence of significant urinary tract inflammation, whether from infection, stones, interstitial cystitis, or other inflammatory conditions 1

  • In asymptomatic patients with 0-2 WBC/HPF, no further urologic workup is indicated unless there are other concerning findings like hematuria or specific risk factors 1, 2

Important Context

  • Research shows that even cutoffs of >5 WBC/HPF have only 82% specificity for UTI, meaning your result of 0-2 is definitively in the normal range 4

  • Studies comparing different thresholds found that >8 WBC/HPF is needed to reliably predict positive urine culture in symptomatic patients, further confirming that 0-2 is normal 5

  • Automated urinalysis systems may report >2 WBC/HPF as significant pyuria, but this applies to values above 2, not 0-2 5

Clinical Pitfall to Avoid

  • Do not pursue UTI workup or treatment based solely on symptoms if the urinalysis shows 0-2 WBC/HPF, as the absence of pyuria effectively excludes bacterial cystitis in most clinical scenarios 2

  • If strong clinical suspicion persists despite normal urinalysis, consider non-infectious causes of urinary symptoms (interstitial cystitis, urethritis, vaginitis) or ensure proper specimen collection technique 2

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Urinary Tract Infection Diagnosis and Evaluation

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Urinalysis Interpretation and Management Recommendations

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Research

Urinalysis and urinary tract infection: update for clinicians.

Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology, 2001

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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