What is the normal output rate of a pericardial drain?

From the Research

Normal Output Rate of a Pericardial Drain

The normal output rate of a pericardial drain is not explicitly stated in the provided studies. However, the studies provide information on the average volume of pericardial effusion drained and the criteria for removing the drain.

• The average volume of pericardial effusion drained ranges from 260 ml to 485 ml, as reported in studies 1 and 2.
• The criteria for removing the drain include a net drainage of less than 50 ml in 24 hours, as mentioned in study 2.
• Study 1 reports that the mean volume of evacuated pericardial effusion was 260 ml, with a range of 80-900 ml.
• Study 2 reports that the average volume drained was 485 ml, with an interquartile range of 350 to 719 ml.

Drainage Criteria

The criteria for drainage and removing the drain are as follows:

• Drainage is typically performed when there is evidence of pericardial tamponade with an ejection fraction (EF) <50%, as mentioned in study 1.
• The drain is removed when there is less than 50 ml of net drainage in 24 hours, as mentioned in study 2.