Is cannabis use associated with the development of gynecomastia (enlargement of breast tissue in males)?

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Last updated: April 9, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

The evidence linking cannabis use to gynecomastia is inconclusive, and there is no strong scientific consensus that cannabis directly causes gynecomastia in most users. Cannabis contains compounds that might potentially influence hormone levels, particularly THC which has been suggested to affect estrogen and testosterone balance in some individuals 1. The theoretical mechanism involves THC potentially reducing testosterone production while increasing estrogen activity, which could create hormonal conditions that promote breast tissue growth in males. However, many reported cases of cannabis-related gynecomastia may be confounded by other factors such as concurrent medications, health conditions, or lifestyle factors.

If you're experiencing breast tissue enlargement and use cannabis, it would be advisable to consult with a healthcare provider who can evaluate all potential causes, as gynecomastia often has multiple contributing factors rather than a single cause 1. Your doctor might recommend temporarily discontinuing cannabis use to determine if it's contributing to your symptoms, while also investigating other possible causes. It's essential to consider the potential interactions between cannabis and other medications, as well as the impact of cannabis on various bodily systems, including the endocrine and reproductive systems 1.

Some key points to consider:

  • Gynecomastia is a common condition in males, and its causes are often multifactorial 1.
  • Cannabis use has been proposed as a potential contributing factor to gynecomastia, but the evidence is limited and inconclusive 1.
  • Other factors, such as medications, health conditions, and lifestyle factors, may also contribute to the development of gynecomastia 1.
  • A thorough medical evaluation is necessary to determine the underlying cause of gynecomastia and to develop an effective treatment plan 1.

From the Research

Cannabis Use and Gynecomastia

  • There is limited direct evidence linking cannabis use to gynecomastia in the provided studies 2, 3, 4, 5.
  • The studies primarily focus on drug-induced gynecomastia, with medications such as spironolactone, cimetidine, and anti-androgens being commonly associated with the condition 2, 3, 4, 5.
  • Cannabis is not explicitly mentioned as a cause of gynecomastia in these studies.
  • However, one study discusses the effects of marijuana on the female reproductive system, including its potential to disrupt hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis regulation and ovarian hormone production 6.
  • While this study does not directly address gynecomastia, it suggests that marijuana use can have endocrinological effects, which could potentially contribute to the development of gynecomastia in men.
  • Further research is needed to determine if there is a link between cannabis use and gynecomastia, as the current evidence is indirect and limited 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Drug-induced gynecomastia: an evidence-based review.

Expert opinion on drug safety, 2012

Research

Drug-induced gynecomastia.

Pharmacotherapy, 2012

Research

Drug-induced gynecomastia.

Expert opinion on drug safety, 2008

Research

Drug-induced gynecomastia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Archivio italiano di urologia, andrologia : organo ufficiale [di] Societa italiana di ecografia urologica e nefrologica, 2021

Research

Marijuana, the Endocannabinoid System and the Female Reproductive System.

The Yale journal of biology and medicine, 2016

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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