What dose of regular (insulin) should be administered for a patient with hyperglycemia (elevated blood glucose level) of 280 mg/dL?

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Correction Insulin Dosing for Blood Glucose of 280 mg/dL

For a hospitalized non-critically ill patient with a blood glucose of 280 mg/dL, administer 10 units of regular insulin subcutaneously using a standardized correction scale: 5 units for every 50 mg/dL above 150 mg/dL, which equals 10 units for a glucose of 280 mg/dL (130 mg/dL above threshold ÷ 50 = 2.6 increments × 5 units = approximately 10 units). 1

Standard Correction Dosing Algorithm

The American Diabetes Association provides clear guidance for supplemental regular insulin in hospitalized adults:

  • Start correction at glucose >150 mg/dL 1, 2
  • Give 5-unit increments for every 50 mg/dL increase above 150 mg/dL 1
  • Maximum single dose: 20 units for glucose ≥300 mg/dL 1

For your patient with glucose of 280 mg/dL:

  • 280 - 150 = 130 mg/dL above threshold
  • 130 ÷ 50 = 2.6 increments
  • 2.6 × 5 units = 13 units (round to 10-15 units depending on insulin sensitivity) 1

Critical Context: This Is NOT Standalone Therapy

Sliding scale insulin (SSI) alone is strongly discouraged as the sole method of insulin treatment in hospitalized patients. 3 This correction dose should be part of a basal-bolus regimen, not used in isolation. 3

When Correction Insulin Is Appropriate:

  • Post-DKA resolution in NPO patients: Regular insulin every 4-6 hours as needed while maintaining IV fluids 2
  • As supplemental coverage: Added to scheduled basal and nutritional insulin 3
  • Temporary bridge: While establishing a comprehensive insulin regimen 1

Timing and Administration

  • Regular insulin: Administer subcutaneously every 6 hours as needed 1
  • Rapid-acting insulin alternative: Can be given every 4 hours instead 1
  • Expect meal within 30 minutes if using regular insulin 4

Target Glucose Ranges

For non-critically ill hospitalized patients:

  • Premeal target: <140 mg/dL 3
  • Random glucose target: <180 mg/dL 3
  • Reassess regimen if glucose <100 mg/dL 3
  • Modify regimen required if glucose <70 mg/dL 3

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

Never rely on correction insulin alone. The most common error is using SSI as monotherapy rather than establishing a proper basal-bolus regimen. 3 This reactive approach leads to:

  • Persistent hyperglycemia between correction doses
  • Glucose variability and "roller coaster" patterns
  • Failure to address underlying insulin deficiency
  • Increased risk of both hyper- and hypoglycemia 3

Do not use this dosing in DKA. If this patient has diabetic ketoacidosis, completely different protocols apply with continuous IV insulin infusion at 0.1 units/kg/hour. 5

Account for insulin resistance factors. Patients on high-dose corticosteroids, with obesity, or during acute illness may require higher correction doses. 6

Next Steps After Correction Dose

Within 24 hours, establish a scheduled insulin regimen:

  • Calculate total daily dose (TDD): Start with 0.4 units/kg for insulin-naïve patients 6
  • Divide as 50% basal, 50% nutritional (split among meals) 3
  • Continue correction insulin as supplemental coverage every 4-6 hours 1
  • Monitor glucose before meals and bedtime to titrate doses 3

References

Guideline

Hyperglycemia Management in Hospitalized Patients

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Resolving Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Diabetic Ketoacidosis Treatment Guidelines

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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