Stability of Test Cells for Blood Grouping
Test cells (reagent red blood cells) used for blood grouping are typically stable for 7-14 days when stored at 4°C, though specific stability depends on the preservative solution used and manufacturer specifications. 1
Standard Storage Parameters
Reagent red blood cells in commercial preservative solutions maintain stability for up to 7 days at 4°C when stored according to manufacturer guidelines, which represents the most common timeframe used in clinical practice. 1
Some paper-based blood grouping systems have demonstrated reagent stability of 14 days at 4°C, though this varies by preparation method and preservative used. 1
Extended stability of 21-38 days at 4°C has been reported in specific research applications using specialized paper-based analytical devices, but this is not standard for routine liquid reagent cells. 1
Critical Storage Considerations
Temperature control at 4°C is essential - reagent cells stored at room temperature (23°C) deteriorate rapidly and should not be used beyond the same day of opening. 2
Once opened, reagent red blood cells should be used within the manufacturer's specified timeframe, typically 24-48 hours, to prevent bacterial contamination and maintain antigen integrity. 1
Blood grouping reagents require protection from light exposure and temperature fluctuations to maintain antigen expression on the cell surface. 2
Quality Control Requirements
Daily quality control testing is mandatory before using reagent cells to verify appropriate reactivity with known positive and negative sera. 1
Visual inspection for hemolysis, discoloration, or turbidity must be performed before each use, as these indicate compromised cell integrity regardless of storage duration. 1
Practical Workflow Recommendations
Discard reagent cells immediately if stored at room temperature for more than 1-2 hours, as metabolic changes and cell membrane alterations occur rapidly at 23°C. 2, 3
For emergency blood grouping situations, freshly prepared reagent cells provide the most reliable results, particularly when detecting weak antigens. 1
Document storage conditions and expiration dates for all reagent cells as part of laboratory quality assurance programs. 1