From the Research
The treatment for mild left basilar atelectasis should prioritize the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as an effective modality to promote lung expansion and prevent further collapse, as evidenced by the most recent and highest quality study 1. The goal of treatment is to re-expand the collapsed lung tissue, improve oxygenation, and prevent complications such as pneumonia or respiratory failure.
- Deep breathing exercises, incentive spirometry, and postural drainage are also essential treatments to promote lung expansion.
- Patients should perform 10 deep breaths using an incentive spirometer every hour while awake, and change positions frequently to prevent pooling of secretions.
- If the atelectasis is due to mucus plugging, chest physiotherapy with percussion and vibration over the affected area can help mobilize secretions.
- Adequate hydration (at least 2-3 liters of fluid daily) helps thin secretions, making them easier to clear.
- Early ambulation and physical activity are also important to promote deep breathing and prevent further collapse.
- In cases where infection is present, appropriate antibiotics may be prescribed.
- For patients with pain limiting deep breathing, adequate pain management is essential. The use of CPAP, as shown in the study 1, effectively prevents atelectasis in children, and its application can be considered in adults as well, especially when conventional therapies are not tolerated or are ineffectual, as suggested by an older study 2. However, the study 3 did not show a significant reduction in post-operative atelectasis with the use of CPAP and reduced oxygen fraction during recovery, but this study had a different population and setting. Overall, the most recent and highest quality study 1 supports the use of CPAP as an effective treatment for mild left basilar atelectasis.