Is there an association between Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) and cesarean section (C-section) delivery?

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Last updated: April 9, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

There is currently no established direct causal relationship between cesarean delivery and sensory processing disorder (SPD). While some research has suggested possible associations between birth method and neurodevelopmental outcomes, the evidence specifically linking cesarean delivery to SPD remains limited and inconclusive 1. Sensory processing disorder involves difficulties in organizing and responding to sensory information, and its development is likely influenced by multiple factors including genetics, prenatal environment, and early life experiences. Some key points to consider include:

  • The development of the human microbiota is influenced by exposure at birth, with vaginally delivered infants having a microbiota similar to that of the mother's vagina, and infants delivered by cesarean section having a microbiota similar to that of the mother's skin 1.
  • The difference in microbiota between vaginal and cesarean delivery may have implications for neonatal colonization and subsequent disease, but the balance of evidence suggests no correlation between mode of delivery and incidence of allergic diseases 1.
  • The absence of the natural birth canal compression and exposure to maternal microbiome during cesarean delivery has been hypothesized to potentially impact neurological development, but more research is needed to establish any definitive connection.
  • Parents concerned about their child's sensory processing should consult with healthcare providers for proper evaluation and intervention, regardless of birth method, as early identification and appropriate therapy can significantly improve outcomes for children with sensory processing challenges. Key factors that influence the development of SPD include:
  • Genetics
  • Prenatal environment
  • Early life experiences It is essential to prioritize a comprehensive approach to addressing sensory processing challenges, focusing on individualized assessment and intervention, rather than solely considering the method of delivery.

From the Research

Relation between Sensory Processing Disorder and Cesarean Delivery

  • There is evidence suggesting a correlation between the occurrence of Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) and the way of delivery, specifically cesarean section 2.
  • A study found that children delivered by C-section had a higher risk of SPD, with 80% of children delivered by C-section detected with SPD, which is statistically significant 2.
  • Another study found that cesarean section can significantly increase the risk of proprioceptive disorder in preschool children, especially in boys, with a risk ratio of 5.75 3.
  • The studies suggest that the time and way of delivery are factors that affect Sensory Processing Disorder, with cesarean section being a significant factor 2, 3.
  • However, it's worth noting that not all studies directly investigate the relationship between cesarean delivery and Sensory Processing Disorder, with some focusing on related topics such as labor induction and cesarean section 4.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Association between cesarean section and sensory integration dysfunction in preschool children: a prospective cohort study.

Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics, 2021

Research

The relationship between cesarean section and labor induction.

Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing, 2010

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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