What is the likely cause of bloody nipple discharge and a palpable mass in a 42-year-old woman who recently stopped breastfeeding?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: April 10, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

Differential Diagnosis for Bloody Nipple Discharge

  • Single most likely diagnosis
    • Intraductal Papilloma: This is the most likely diagnosis given the presentation of bloody discharge from a single duct, which is a classic symptom of intraductal papilloma. The presence of a firm, ill-defined mass in the lower outer quadrant of the right breast with overlying skin retraction also supports this diagnosis, as intraductal papillomas can sometimes be associated with a palpable mass.
  • Other Likely diagnoses
    • Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): DCIS can present with bloody nipple discharge, especially if it involves the ducts close to the nipple. The presence of a mass and skin retraction increases the suspicion for DCIS or invasive cancer.
    • Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: Similar to DCIS, invasive ductal carcinoma can cause bloody nipple discharge, a palpable mass, and skin changes, making it a likely consideration in this patient.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed)
    • Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Although less common, inflammatory breast cancer can present with skin changes, including retraction, and can be associated with nipple discharge. It is a highly aggressive form of breast cancer, making early diagnosis critical.
    • Paget's Disease of the Breast: This rare form of breast cancer involves the skin of the nipple and areola and can cause nipple discharge, although it more commonly presents with eczematous changes to the nipple-areolar complex.
  • Rare diagnoses
    • Breast Abscess or Infection: Although the patient does not have symptoms of infection such as pain, swelling, or fever, a breast abscess could potentially cause bloody discharge, especially if it involves the ducts.
    • Galactocele: A galactocele is a milk-filled cyst that can occur in lactating women but is less likely given that the patient stopped breastfeeding 3 months ago. However, it could potentially cause a mass and, if infected, might lead to bloody discharge.
    • Fat Necrosis: This condition can mimic cancer both clinically and radiologically, presenting as a firm mass, but it is usually associated with a history of trauma, which this patient does not have.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.