What is the most appropriate comprehensive treatment plan for an 18-year-old patient with a history of physical and emotional abuse, trauma, and aggressive behavior, presenting with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and impulse control issues?

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Plano ng Komprehensibong Paggamot para sa 18-Taong-Gulang na Pasyente na may Kasaysayan ng Pisikal at Emosyonal na Pang-aabuso

Pangunahing Rekomendasyon sa Paggamot

Magsimula kaagad ng trauma-focused psychotherapy (Prolonged Exposure, Cognitive Processing Therapy, o EMDR) bilang unang linya ng paggamot, kahit na may kasalukuyang mga sintomas ng agresyon, depression, at anxiety—ang mga ebidensya ay nagpapakita na 40-87% ng mga pasyente ay hindi na nakakatugon sa PTSD criteria pagkatapos ng 9-15 sessions, at ang mga therapy na ito ay epektibo kahit sa mga komplikadong kaso na may maraming trauma at behavioral problems. 1, 2

Detalyadong Algoritmo ng Paggamot

Unang Hakbang: Trauma-Focused Psychotherapy (Simulan Kaagad)

  • Piliin ang isa sa tatlong evidence-based na trauma-focused therapies: Prolonged Exposure (PE), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), o Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)—lahat ay may parehong lakas ng ebidensya 1, 3
  • Ang mga therapy na ito ay direktang tumutukoy sa traumatic memories mula sa childhood abuse (4-8 taong gulang) at mga kasalukuyang sintomas ng PTSD (palpitations, panginginig, takot) 1, 2
  • Huwag maghintay ng "stabilization phase"—ang mga bagong ebidensya ay nagpapakita na ang emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, at aggression ay bumubuti direkta sa trauma processing, hindi kailangan ng mahabang preparasyon bago harapin ang trauma 1, 2
  • Ang kasaysayan ng childhood sexual abuse, physical abuse, at multiple traumas ay hindi naghuhula ng mas masamang resulta o mas mataas na dropout rates 2, 4

Ikalawang Hakbang: Pharmacotherapy (Bilang Adjunct o Alternatibo)

Para sa PTSD at Depression:

  • Magsimula ng SSRI: Sertraline o Paroxetine bilang first-line medication 1
  • Alternatibo: Venlafaxine (SNRI) kung hindi tumugon sa SSRI 1
  • Ipagpatuloy ang medication ng 6-12 buwan minimum pagkatapos ng symptom remission dahil 26-52% ay bumabalik ang sintomas kung ihinto agad 1

Para sa Persistent Nightmares at Sleep Disturbances:

  • Magdagdag ng Prazosin kung may patuloy na bangungot at insomnia 1
  • Dosing: Magsimula sa 1 mg bago matulog, taasan ng 1-2 mg bawat ilang araw, average effective dose ay 3 mg (range 1-13 mg) 1
  • Bantayan ang orthostatic hypotension 1

Para sa Impulsivity at Aggression:

  • Kung patuloy ang impulsivity at aggression pagkatapos ng trauma-focused therapy, isaalang-alang ang mood stabilizers tulad ng lithium o carbamazepine 5
  • Ang aripiprazole ay maaaring magbigay ng symptomatic stabilization para sa mood dysregulation 1

Ikatlong Hakbang: Mga Gamot na DAPAT IWASAN

  • HUWAG gumamit ng benzodiazepines (tulad ng alprazolam o clonazepam)—63% ng mga pasyente na tumatanggap ng benzodiazepines ay nag-develop ng PTSD sa 6 na buwan kumpara sa 23% lamang sa placebo 1, 2
  • Huwag gumamit ng psychological debriefing sa loob ng 24-72 oras pagkatapos ng trauma—ito ay maaaring makasama 1

Mga Tiyak na Sintomas at Paggamot

Para sa PTSD Symptoms (Palpitations, Panginginig, Takot):

  • Ang trauma-focused therapy ay direktang tumutukoy sa mga trauma-related stimuli na nag-trigger ng physical symptoms 1, 2
  • Ang high sensitivity at distress na nauugnay sa trauma ay bumababa kapag direktang tinutugunan ang traumatic memories 1

Para sa Depression at Self-Loathing:

  • Ang cognitive therapy ay nagbabago ng negative trauma-related appraisals na nagdudulot ng self-loathing 1
  • Ang depression symptoms ay karaniwang bumubuti pagkatapos ng trauma-focused psychotherapy nang hindi na kailangan ng hiwalay na depression-focused interventions 2

Para sa Aggression at Impulse Control Problems:

  • Ang emotion dysregulation at impulsivity ay bumubuti direkta sa trauma processing 1, 2
  • Ang behavioral problems (pagsusuntok, paghawak ng kutsilyo, pananampal) ay nauugnay sa trauma response at tutugon sa trauma-focused treatment 1, 4

Para sa Interpersonal Problems at Trust Issues:

  • Ang phase-based approaches ay nagpapakita ng pinakamataas na benepisyo para sa interpersonal problems, ngunit dapat pa ring magsimula sa trauma-focused component 4

Mga Mahalagang Babala at Pitfalls

  • Huwag i-label ang pasyente bilang "masyadong complex" o "hindi pa handa" para sa trauma-focused therapy—ito ay maaaring magdulot ng iatrogenic effects sa pamamagitan ng pagpapahiwatig na ang standard treatments ay hindi epektibo 6, 2
  • Ang pagkaantala ng trauma-focused treatment ay maaaring magpababa ng loob ng pasyente sa pamamagitan ng hindi sinasadyang pagpapahiwatig na hindi sila capable na harapin ang kanilang traumatic memories 6
  • Ang mataas na dropout rates ay karaniwan sa population na ito (dahil sa history ng abandonment at abuse), kaya mahalaga ang consistent, supportive therapeutic relationship 3, 7
  • Ang 21 adverse events ay naiulat sa 7 studies, ngunit ang psychosocial interventions ay hindi nagpapataas ng risk ng adverse events kumpara sa controls (RR 1.92,95% CI 0.30 to 12.41) 3

Mga Resulta ng Paggamot

  • 40-87% ng mga pasyente ay hindi na nakakatugon sa PTSD criteria pagkatapos ng 9-15 sessions ng trauma-focused therapy 1, 2
  • Ang relapse rates ay mas mababa pagkatapos ng CBT kumpara sa discontinuation ng medication 1, 2
  • Ang affect dysregulation, self-concept problems, at interpersonal difficulties ay bumubuti pagkatapos ng trauma-focused treatment 4

Limang Pangunahing Diagnosis

Batay sa kasaysayan at sintomas:

  1. Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (cPTSD) - dahil sa prolonged childhood abuse (4-8 taong gulang), may core PTSD symptoms (palpitations, panginginig, takot) plus emotion dysregulation, interpersonal problems, at negative self-concept 8, 1

  2. Major Depressive Disorder - dahil sa sleep disturbances, decreased appetite, lungkot, at pagbaba ng grades 6, 2

  3. Conduct Disorder - dahil sa pattern ng aggression (pagsusuntok, paghawak ng kutsilyo, threats), theft, bullying, at cruelty sa tao at hayop 9

  4. Oppositional Defiant Disorder - dahil sa often loses temper, easily angered, argumentative, at pasaway 9

  5. Reactive Attachment Disorder o Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder - dahil sa disrupted attachment (separated from mother, multiple caregivers, abandonment) at interpersonal difficulties 8, 4

References

Guideline

Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Treatment of Depression with Severe PTSD

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Research

Pharmacotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder.

The Psychiatric clinics of North America, 1994

Guideline

Treatment Approach for Adults with MDD and Trauma History

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Psychotherapeutic approaches to aggressive and violent patients.

The Psychiatric clinics of North America, 1997

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Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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