What are the standard procedures and ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision) codes for a patient undergoing a sexually transmitted disease (STD) check, including tests for chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)?

ICD-10 Codes for Standard STD Screening Panel

The standard STD check includes testing for chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV, with specific ICD-10 codes used for screening asymptomatic individuals versus diagnostic testing for those with symptoms or known exposures.

Primary Screening Codes for Asymptomatic Patients

Encounter Codes (Z-codes)

• Z11.3 - Encounter for screening for infections with a predominantly sexual mode of transmission 1, 2
• Z11.4 - Encounter for screening for human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] 1, 2
• Z11.59 - Encounter for screening for other viral diseases (for hepatitis B and C screening) 1, 2

Risk Factor Documentation Codes

• Z72.51 - High-risk heterosexual behavior 1, 2
• Z72.52 - High-risk homosexual behavior 1, 2
• Z72.53 - High-risk bisexual behavior 1, 2
• Z77.21 - Contact with and (suspected) exposure to potentially hazardous body fluids 1, 2

Standard Testing Components

Core STD Panel Tests

• Chlamydia testing should use Z11.3 for screening in sexually active women ≤25 years or those with risk factors (new/multiple partners) 1, 2
• Gonorrhea testing should use Z11.3 for screening in sexually active women <25 years and high-risk individuals 1, 2
• HIV testing should use Z11.4 for all sexually active persons not in mutually monogamous relationships with uninfected partners 1, 2
• Syphilis testing should use Z11.3 for individuals with high-risk sexual behavior or in high-prevalence communities 1, 2

Additional Tests Often Included

• Hepatitis B screening uses Z11.59, particularly for pregnant women and high-risk individuals 1, 2
• Hepatitis C screening uses Z11.59 based on risk factors 1, 2
• Trichomoniasis testing uses Z11.3 for women with symptoms or high risk 1, 2

Site-Specific Testing Codes for High-Risk Populations

Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)

• Use Z11.3 for urogenital, rectal, and pharyngeal chlamydia and gonorrhea testing based on reported sexual practices 3, 1, 2
• Testing should occur at all three anatomic sites since infections are frequently asymptomatic and site-specific 3, 4

Pregnant Women

• Use Z11.3 for chlamydia and gonorrhea if <25 years or at increased risk 3, 2
• Use Z11.4 for universal HIV screening at first prenatal visit 3, 2
• Use Z11.3 for syphilis screening at first prenatal visit, with repeat testing in third trimester and at delivery for high-risk women 3, 2
• Use Z11.59 for hepatitis B surface antigen testing at first prenatal visit 3, 2

Diagnostic Codes When Symptoms Present

Critical distinction: Once symptoms develop or there is known exposure, testing becomes diagnostic rather than screening, requiring different ICD-10 codes 5:

• A54.xx - Gonococcal infection codes (when symptomatic or contact)
• A55 - Chlamydial lymphogranuloma (venereum)
• A56.xx - Other sexually transmitted chlamydial diseases
• A51.xx-A53.xx - Syphilis codes (various stages)
• B20 - HIV disease
• A59.xx - Trichomoniasis codes

Frequency-Based Coding Considerations

Annual Screening

• Use Z11.3 or Z11.4 for routine annual screening in at-risk populations 1, 2
• Document risk factors with Z72.51-Z72.53 codes to justify medical necessity 1, 2

High-Frequency Screening (Every 3-6 Months)

• Use Z11.3 or Z11.4 with additional risk factor codes for individuals with ongoing high-risk behaviors including multiple partners, inconsistent condom use, or drug use during sex 3, 1, 2
• HIV-infected individuals with high-risk behaviors warrant every 3-6 month testing regardless of previous negative results 3, 2

Post-Treatment Rescreening

• Use Z09 (encounter for follow-up examination after completed treatment) combined with Z11.3 for mandatory 3-month retesting after chlamydia or gonorrhea treatment 1, 2
• This rescreening is essential due to 25-40% reinfection rates 2

Common Coding Pitfalls to Avoid

• Never use screening codes (Z11.x) when symptoms are present - this constitutes fraud and will result in claim denials 5
• Document sexual history and risk factors to support medical necessity for screening frequency beyond annual intervals 3, 1
• Use site-specific codes when billing for extragenital testing (rectal/pharyngeal) in MSM populations 3, 4
• Ensure proper sequencing - list the screening code (Z11.x) as primary diagnosis, with risk factor codes (Z72.5x) as secondary 1, 2

Special Population Considerations

Adolescents and Young Adults

• Z11.3 is appropriate for all sexually active women under 25 years for chlamydia and gonorrhea screening 1, 2
• Higher infection rates in this age group due to more frequent partner changes and cervical immaturity justify routine screening 2

Persons Who Use Drugs

• Use Z11.3 for routine screening for all common STIs including chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and trichomoniasis 2
• Use Z11.59 for hepatitis C screening for all who inject drugs, even if only once 2

Correctional Facility Entrants

• Use Z11.3 for screening persons entering correctional facilities for syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia 2