From the Research
Symptoms of Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)
- High fever
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Hypotension
- Multiorgan system involvement
- Erythematous maculopapular rash (in some cases) 1
- Thrombocytopenia, elevated white count and lactate, and acute kidney injury (in severe cases) 1
Tampon Use and TSS
- Tampon use has been linked to the development of TSS, particularly with superabsorbent tampons 2, 3
- Staphylococcus aureus has been cultured from a significant number of TSS cases, and tampon use may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease 2
Seeking Medical Attention
- If symptoms of TSS are present, seek medical attention immediately 4, 1, 5
- Even if no symptoms are present, it is recommended to seek medical attention if a tampon has been inserted for an extended period, as TSS can progress rapidly 4, 5
- A pelvic examination should be completed to check for any signs of infection or other complications 1
Treatment and Prevention
- Treatment for TSS typically involves antibiotics, such as clindamycin, and supportive care in an intensive care unit (ICU) 5
- Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) may also be used to treat TSS 5
- To reduce the risk of TSS, women are advised to avoid tampon use indefinitely if they have had a previous episode of TSS 4