What are the clinical manifestations of Sjögren's (Sjögren's syndrome)?

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From the Guidelines

Le syndrome de Sjögren se manifeste principalement par une sécheresse des muqueuses (syndrome sec), notamment oculaire (xérophtalmie) causant une sensation de sable dans les yeux, et buccale (xérostomie) entraînant des difficultés à avaler et parler. Les patients présentent souvent un gonflement des glandes salivaires, particulièrement les parotides. D'autres manifestations incluent une sécheresse vaginale, cutanée et respiratoire. Des manifestations systémiques peuvent survenir comme la fatigue chronique, des douleurs articulaires (arthralgie), une inflammation articulaire (arthrite), des phénomènes de Raynaud, des atteintes pulmonaires (pneumopathie interstitielle), rénales (néphrite), neurologiques (neuropathie périphérique) et une augmentation du risque de lymphome. Le diagnostic repose sur la combinaison de symptômes cliniques, d'examens ophtalmologiques (test de Schirmer), de biopsie des glandes salivaires accessoires et de marqueurs immunologiques comme les anticorps anti-SSA/Ro et anti-SSB/La, comme indiqué dans les recommandations de l'EULAR pour la prise en charge du syndrome de Sjögren 1.

Les patients atteints de syndrome de Sjögren peuvent également présenter des manifestations pulmonaires, telles que des pneumopathies interstitielles, qui nécessitent une évaluation et un traitement spécifiques, comme indiqué dans les lignes directrices pour l'évaluation et la prise en charge des maladies pulmonaires dans le syndrome de Sjögren 1.

Il est essentiel de prendre en compte les comorbidités et les facteurs de risque pour les maladies cardiovasculaires et les lymphomes, ainsi que les implications pour la santé bucco-dentaire et oculaire, comme souligné dans les études sur le syndrome de Sjögren 1.

En résumé, le syndrome de Sjögren est une maladie auto-immune chronique qui nécessite une approche multidisciplinaire pour la prise en charge de ses manifestations variées, allant des symptômes oculaires et bucaux aux manifestations systémiques et pulmonaires, avec une attention particulière portée à la prévention des complications et à l'amélioration de la qualité de vie des patients, comme indiqué dans les recommandations et les études récentes 1.

From the Research

Manifestations Cliniques du Sjögren

Les manifestations cliniques du Sjögren sont diverses et complexes. Voici quelques-unes des principales manifestations :

  • Dryness of the mouth and eyes due to involvement of the salivary and lacrimal glands 2, 3, 4
  • Extraglandular manifestations, including cutaneous, respiratory, renal, hepatic, neurologic, and vascular involvement 2, 4
  • Systemic features, such as fever, fatigue, and weight loss 2
  • Ocular involvement, manifested as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, which can be managed with local and systemic stimulators of tear secretion and supportive surgical procedures 2, 5, 6
  • Oral manifestations, including intense oral hygiene, prevention and treatment of oral infections, use of saliva substitutes, and local and systematic stimulation of salivary secretion 2

Traitement des Manifestations Cliniques

Le traitement des manifestations cliniques du Sjögren dépend de la gravité et de la nature des symptômes. Voici quelques-unes des options de traitement :

  • Topical agents to improve moisture and decrease inflammation 4
  • Systemic therapy, including steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, disease-modifying agents, and cytotoxic agents 4
  • Cholinergic agents, such as pilocarpine and cevimeline, to stimulate salivary secretion 2, 5
  • Punctal plugs to improve tear film stability and elongate the tear film break-up time 6
  • Artificial tears to relieve dry eye symptoms and repair corneal lesions 5, 6
  • Biologic therapy, including anti-B-cell therapy, to treat glandular and extraglandular manifestations 3

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Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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