From the Guidelines
Surgical asepsis is a set of strict practices designed to eliminate all microorganisms, including spores, from objects and areas used during surgical procedures, and it involves creating and maintaining a sterile field to prevent surgical site infections. This is achieved through techniques such as surgical hand antisepsis using an antimicrobial product, as recommended in the guidelines for infection control in dental health-care settings 1. The guidelines suggest performing surgical hand antisepsis before donning sterile surgeon's gloves 1.
Key Components of Surgical Asepsis
- Surgical hand scrubbing with an antimicrobial soap and water, or soap and water followed by alcohol-based hand scrub with persistent activity 1
- Wearing sterile surgeon's gloves 1
- Using sterile instruments and supplies
- Maintaining sterile technique throughout procedures
- Using sterile saline or sterile water as a coolant/irrigatant when performing oral surgical procedures 1
- Using devices specifically designed for delivering sterile irrigating fluids, such as bulb syringe, single-use disposable products, and sterilizable tubing 1 ### Importance of Surgical Asepsis Surgical asepsis is crucial in preventing surgical site infections, which can lead to serious complications and even mortality. By following strict protocols, including proper donning of sterile attire, careful handling of sterile items, and maintaining awareness of what is sterile versus contaminated, healthcare providers can significantly reduce the risk of surgical site infections and improve patient outcomes.
From the Research
Definition of Surgical Asepsis
Surgical asepsis refers to the practices designed to reduce the risk of surgical site infection (SSI) 2. These practices aim to minimize the introduction of microorganisms into the surgical wound, thereby reducing the risk of infection.
Key Components of Surgical Asepsis
The key components of surgical asepsis include:
- Hand washing and dressing of personnel 2
- Preparation of the patient 2
- Maintenance of a clean surgical environment 2
- Sterilization of equipment 2
- Use of antiseptic solutions 2
Factors Associated with Surgical Site Infections
Several factors are associated with an increased or decreased risk of developing SSI, including:
- Characteristics of the surgical wound, such as involvement of infected or inflamed tissue 2
- Patient characteristics, such as age, comorbidities, medication use, and smoking 2
- Procedure factors, such as setting, surgical technique, type of procedure, duration, and body region involved 2
Use of Prophylactic Antibiotics
Prophylactic antibiotics may be used to reduce the risk of SSI in certain surgical procedures 3, 4, 5, 6. The choice of antibiotic and timing of administration are critical factors in determining the effectiveness of prophylaxis 3, 5.