What is the diagnosis for a patient with leukocytosis (White Blood Cell count of 17.1), a 9mm non-calcified middle lobe nodule with surrounding ground-glass opacity, and a mildly distended, fluid-filled appendix measuring 10mm in diameter?

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Differential Diagnosis

  • Single most likely diagnosis
    • Acute appendicitis: The patient's presentation of a mildly distended, fluid-filled appendix without surrounding inflammatory fat stranding, along with a elevated white blood cell count (WBC 17.1), is highly suggestive of early or developing acute uncomplicated appendicitis.
  • Other Likely diagnoses
    • Pulmonary infection (e.g., pneumonia): The presence of a 9 mm noncalcified middle lobe nodule with surrounding ground-glass opacity is concerning for a probable infectious or inflammatory process, which could be related to a pulmonary infection.
    • Gastroenteritis: Although the appendix is the primary concern, the patient's symptoms and elevated WBC could also be consistent with gastroenteritis, especially if the appendix is not the sole source of infection.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
    • Appendiceal rupture or perforation: Although the current imaging does not show overt signs of surrounding inflammatory fat stranding, the possibility of appendiceal rupture or perforation must be considered, as it is a medical emergency requiring prompt surgical intervention.
    • Pulmonary embolism: The presence of a middle lobe nodule could be a "masquerader" for a pulmonary embolism, especially if the patient has risk factors for thromboembolic disease.
    • Diverticulitis: Although the primary concern is the appendix, diverticulitis could present with similar symptoms and must be considered, especially if the patient has a history of diverticular disease.
  • Rare diagnoses
    • Neoplastic process (e.g., appendiceal tumor): Although less likely, a neoplastic process affecting the appendix could present with similar imaging findings and must be considered, especially if the patient's symptoms persist or worsen despite treatment for appendicitis.
    • Granulomatous disease (e.g., sarcoidosis): The presence of a pulmonary nodule could be related to a granulomatous disease, which, although rare, must be considered in the differential diagnosis.

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