What are the causes of recurrent otitis media (ear infections) in adults?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: April 11, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

From the Research

Recurrent adult ear infections should be treated with a combination of antibiotics, pain management, and preventive measures, prioritizing amoxicillin-clavulanate for more resistant cases, as evidenced by the most recent and highest quality study 1.

Treatment Approach

The treatment of recurrent ear infections in adults involves a multifaceted approach, including:

  • Antibiotics: Amoxicillin (500-875 mg twice daily for 5-7 days) is typically the first-line treatment, with amoxicillin-clavulanate (875/125 mg twice daily for 5-7 days) used for more resistant cases, as supported by 1.
  • Pain Management: Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be used to manage pain.
  • Preventive Measures: Keeping ears dry after swimming or bathing by tilting your head to drain water and using a hair dryer on low setting can help prevent recurrence.

Specific Considerations

  • For otitis externa (swimmer's ear), antibiotic ear drops like ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone (4 drops in affected ear twice daily for 7 days) are recommended.
  • Avoid inserting objects into the ear canal, including cotton swabs.
  • If you have allergies, managing them with antihistamines or nasal steroids may help prevent ear infections.
  • Recurrent infections warrant evaluation by an ENT specialist to rule out underlying issues like immune deficiency, anatomical abnormalities, or chronic conditions.
  • Smoking cessation is also important as it can contribute to Eustachian tube dysfunction and increased infection risk, as noted in 2.

Evidence Summary

The most recent and highest quality study 1 demonstrates the efficacy of amoxicillin-clavulanate in treating bacterial acute otitis media, including cases caused by penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae and beta-lactamase-positive H. influenzae. This study supports the use of amoxicillin-clavulanate as a first-line treatment for recurrent ear infections in adults.

References

Research

Infections of the Ear.

Emergency medicine clinics of North America, 2019

Related Questions

What are the treatment prescriptions for a patient with right otitis (inflammation of the middle ear) media and bilateral conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva)?
What is the appropriate treatment for a 5-month-old male with a recurrent upper respiratory infection (URI), presenting with a red throat, who was previously treated with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP) and now has an ear infection, with a known allergy to amoxicillin (Amox)?
What is the cause of persistent ear and throat pain in a 49-year-old male after completing a 10-day course of Augmentin (amoxicillin-clavulanate) 875-125, started on April 8, 2025?
What is the diagnosis and treatment for a 27-year-old female (YOF) with fever, left ear pain radiating to the jaw, chills, nausea, and congestion, and a history of multiple ear infections and tympanostomy tubes?
What are the prescription options for a 17-year-old female with Acute Otitis Media (AOM)?
A 78-year-old male presents with a persistent upper respiratory infection (URI) characterized by a wet cough for 4 weeks, despite treatment with antibiotics and steroids, with a chest X-ray (CXR) showing diffuse small airway thickening, suggestive of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or bronchitis/bronchiolitis.
What is the workup for cheilitis (inflammation of the lips)?
What are the differential diagnoses for a patient presenting with shortness of breath (SOB), diminished breath sounds on the left and absent breath sounds on the right, hypotension, and dizziness?
What is the link between tonsils and otitis media (ear infections)?
What are the benefits of whole body vibration (WBV) therapy?
Does whole body vibration (WBV) therapy increase bone density?

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.