Differential Diagnosis for Full Body Maculopapular Rash with Sore Throat
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Viral Exanthem (e.g., measles, rubella, roseola, or enteroviral infections): These are common causes of full-body maculopapular rashes, often accompanied by systemic symptoms like sore throat, fever, and malaise. The rash's distribution, including hands, feet, and palms, along with the sore throat, makes viral exanthem a leading consideration.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Scarlet Fever: Caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, it presents with a characteristic rash (which can appear maculopapular), sore throat, and fever. The rash can spread to the palms and soles.
- Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono): Caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), it can present with a rash, sore throat, fever, and lymphadenopathy. The rash can be maculopapular and is more common in patients who receive ampicillin.
- Kawasaki Disease: An acute febrile illness of childhood characterized by a maculopapular rash, fever, conjunctivitis, erythema of the lips and oral cavity, changes in the extremities, and cervical lymphadenopathy. It's a consideration in pediatric patients.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Secondary Syphilis: Can cause a maculopapular rash on the palms and soles, along with systemic symptoms like sore throat. It's crucial to consider due to the potential for severe complications if left untreated.
- Meningococcemia: A life-threatening infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis, which can present with a rash (often petechial or purpuric but can appear maculopapular initially), fever, and sore throat. Prompt recognition and treatment are critical.
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN): Although more commonly associated with mucosal involvement and skin necrosis, early stages can present with a maculopapular rash and systemic symptoms. It's a medical emergency, often drug-induced.
Rare Diagnoses
- Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease): Caused by Parvovirus B19, it typically presents with a "slapped-cheek" appearance followed by a maculopapular rash on the body. It's less likely to cause sore throat but can be considered in the differential.
- Pityriasis Rosea: A skin condition that starts with a herald patch, followed by a widespread, symmetrical, maculopapular rash. It's rarely associated with systemic symptoms like sore throat but could be considered if the rash's appearance and distribution fit.
- Drug Reactions: Certain medications can cause a maculopapular rash as part of a drug reaction. While not a disease per se, it's an important consideration, especially if the patient has recently started new medications.