What is the first line of treatment for a patient with post-stroke depression?

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Lini Pertama Post Stroke Depression

SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor) atau SNRI (Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor) adalah terapi farmakologis lini pertama untuk depresi post-stroke. 1

Rekomendasi Farmakologis Utama

Pilihan SSRI yang direkomendasikan:

  • Sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram, atau paroxetine adalah pilihan SSRI yang paling efektif berdasarkan bukti dari uji klinis terkontrol 1, 2
  • Sertraline memiliki profil keamanan kardiovaskular yang lebih baik dengan risiko perpanjangan QTc yang lebih rendah dibandingkan citalopram atau escitalopram 1
  • Dosis awal sertraline 50 mg per hari, titrasi hingga 100-200 mg per hari berdasarkan respons klinis selama 2-4 minggu 1
  • Lanjutkan terapi minimal 6 minggu untuk menilai efek antidepresan penuh 1

SNRI sebagai alternatif lini pertama:

  • Duloxetine atau venlafaxine dapat digunakan sebagai pilihan alternatif lini pertama 1, 3

Algoritma Pemilihan Terapi

Langkah 1 - Skrining dan Diagnosis:

  • Gunakan Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, atau Beck Depression Inventory untuk skrining 1
  • Lakukan penilaian ulang berkala terhadap gejala depresi, ansietas, dan gangguan psikiatrik lainnya 1

Langkah 2 - Evaluasi Kontraindikasi:

  • Hindari tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) karena dapat memicu hipotensi ortostatik, perburukan gagal jantung, dan aritmia 1
  • Hindari monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) karena dapat menyebabkan hipertensi 1
  • Gunakan SSRI dengan hati-hati pada pasien dengan riwayat perdarahan intraserebral (ICH) karena risiko kecil perdarahan ulang 1

Langkah 3 - Inisiasi Terapi:

  • Mulai dengan SSRI (sertraline sebagai pilihan pertama berdasarkan profil keamanan) 1, 4
  • Monitor ketat oleh tenaga kesehatan terlatih untuk memverifikasi efektivitas 1
  • Pantau perpanjangan interval QTc yang dapat memicu takikardia ventrikel 1

Langkah 4 - Terapi Kombinasi:

  • Tambahkan Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) bersamaan dengan farmakoterapi untuk meningkatkan hasil, meskipun bukti superioritas terapi kombinasi terbatas 1, 2
  • Program latihan fisik minimal 4 minggu dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai terapi komplementer 1

Peringatan Klinis Penting

Kontraindikasi absolut:

  • Jangan gunakan antidepresan profilaksis pada pasien tanpa depresi karena risiko fraktur dan efek samping lainnya 1

Pertimbangan khusus:

  • Ansietas sering bersamaan dengan depresi post-stroke (sekitar 75% kasus) dan harus dinilai serta diobati bersamaan 1, 3
  • Konsultasi psikiater atau psikolog diperlukan jika gangguan mood menyebabkan distres persisten atau disabilitas yang memburuk 1
  • Terapi dini yang efektif dapat memberikan efek positif pada hasil rehabilitasi dan berpotensi meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup 1

Kekuatan Bukti

American College of Physicians dan American Heart Association/American Stroke Association memberikan rekomendasi kuat untuk SSRI/SNRI sebagai lini pertama 1, didukung oleh Cochrane review dengan 75 studi melibatkan 5.907 partisipan yang menunjukkan SSRI mengurangi proporsi pasien dengan depresi post-stroke (RR 0.75) dengan bukti kualitas tinggi 1. Guideline tahun 2005 dari Stroke journal juga mendukung farmakoterapi dengan SSRI dan tricyclic antidepressants, namun tricyclics tidak lagi direkomendasikan karena profil efek samping 5.

References

Guideline

Treatment of Post-Stroke Depression

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Research

Treatment of Post-Stroke Depression.

Current treatment options in neurology, 2019

Guideline

Treatment of Post-Stroke Anxiety

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

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Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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