What is the role of diet in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

From the Guidelines

A Mediterranean-style diet is the most recommended dietary approach for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis, as it has sufficient evidence to support its benefits in managing the disease. This diet emphasizes the consumption of olive oil, fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains [ 1 ]. The importance of a "food first" approach is also highlighted, where individuals with rheumatoid arthritis are encouraged to obtain necessary nutrients from high-quality foods rather than relying on dietary supplements [ 1 ].

Some key components of a Mediterranean-style diet for rheumatoid arthritis management include:

• Consuming fatty fish 2-3 times weekly for their anti-inflammatory omega-3 fatty acids
• Incorporating turmeric with black pepper in cooking, as curcumin has anti-inflammatory properties
• Limiting processed foods, refined sugars, red meat, and foods high in omega-6 fatty acids
• Staying well-hydrated and maintaining a healthy weight to reduce joint stress

It is essential to note that while diet can play a role in managing rheumatoid arthritis, it should not replace medical treatment [ 1 ]. A healthcare team, including rheumatology clinicians and registered dieticians, can help individuals with rheumatoid arthritis develop a personalized diet plan that complements their medical treatment and supports their overall well-being [ 1 ].

From the Research

Diet and Rheumatoid Arthritis

• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that can be managed through dietary interventions 2, 3, 4.
• A balanced diet that includes whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats can help alleviate symptoms of RA 2, 3.
• Specific dietary components that may be beneficial for RA patients include:
  • Omega-3 fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory properties and may reduce disease activity 5, 4.
  • Antioxidant nutrients, such as vitamins A and C, and selenium, which can help reduce oxidative stress 3.
  • Folate and vitamin B12, which may reduce the incidence of side effects in patients treated with methotrexate 3.
• Some foods that may be beneficial for RA patients include:
  • Fatty fish, such as salmon and sardines, which are rich in omega-3 fatty acids 5, 4.
  • Green leafy vegetables, such as spinach and kale, which are rich in antioxidants and other nutrients 2.
  • Berries and citrus fruits, which are rich in antioxidants and may have anti-inflammatory effects 2.
• Foods that may exacerbate RA symptoms include:
  • Processed meats and sugary foods, which can promote inflammation 4.
  • Foods high in salt and sugar, which can worsen disease activity 2.
• A proposed anti-inflammatory diet that includes a portfolio of suggested anti-inflammatory foods may reduce disease activity in RA patients 6.