If a patient with a history of Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL) derived from Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 54, and a coinfection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Candida, has a negative colposcopy, can HPV still be detected through genetic testing?

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Persistenza dell'HPV dopo negativizzazione colposcopica di LSIL

Sì, è molto probabile che l'HPV 54 sia ancora rilevabile con il test genetico anche dopo una colposcopia negativa, poiché la negativizzazione colposcopica indica solo la regressione delle lesioni citologiche visibili, non necessariamente la clearance virale completa. 1, 2

Razionale della persistenza virale

  • La colposcopia negativa valuta esclusivamente le alterazioni morfologiche della cervice, non la presenza o assenza del virus HPV a livello molecolare 1
  • Circa il 60% delle infezioni da HPV ad alto rischio si negativizzano spontaneamente entro 12 mesi, ma questo significa che il 40% persiste oltre questo periodo 1, 3
  • L'HPV 54 è classificato tra i genotipi "non classificati" o a rischio non definito, che tendono a essere prevalenti nelle LSIL e nei campioni NILM (negativi per lesioni intraepiteliali), ma raramente nelle HSIL 4

Impatto delle coinfezioni su clearance virale

  • Le coinfezioni da Chlamydia trachomatis e Candida non accelerano necessariamente la clearance dell'HPV, ma il trattamento di queste infezioni può aver contribuito alla regressione delle lesioni citologiche visibili 1
  • La presenza di lesioni LSIL con coinfezioni multiple può riflettere sia progressione morfologica che infezioni coincidenti da diversi patogeni 5

Raccomandazioni per il follow-up

  • Dopo una colposcopia negativa per LSIL, le linee guida raccomandano il test HPV a 12 mesi per determinare se il virus persiste 1, 2, 3
  • Se il test HPV risulta positivo a 12 mesi (indipendentemente dalla citologia), è indicata una nuova colposcopia 2, 3
  • Se il test HPV risulta negativo a 12 mesi, si può tornare allo screening di routine, ma con intervalli di 3 anni (non 5 anni) per le donne con storia di LSIL/ASCUS 6
  • Sono necessari due test HPV consecutivi negativi a distanza di 12 mesi per confermare la clearance virale e tornare agli intervalli di screening standard 2

Caveat clinici importanti

  • Un test HPV negativo dopo colposcopia negativa non garantisce l'assenza di lesioni displastiche preesistenti, che potrebbero non essere state visualizzate durante la colposcopia 2
  • Il rischio di CIN3+ a 5 anni dopo LSIL HPV-negativa è dell'1%, significativamente superiore rispetto al rischio dopo cotesting negativo (0,27%) 6, 7
  • Non interrompere la sorveglianza basandosi solo su una colposcopia negativa: il test HPV rimane essenziale per stratificare il rischio 2, 6

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Management of Positive HPV Test on Pap Smear

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Guideline

Management of Positive HPV Test Results

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines for Women with LSIL/ASCUS History

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

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This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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