From the Guidelines
For patients with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), a diet low in simple carbohydrates and high in protein is most suitable. This approach helps manage blood sugar fluctuations that can occur with these tumors, which often secrete hormones affecting glucose metabolism 1. The diet should include:
- Lean proteins (chicken, fish, tofu)
- Complex carbohydrates (whole grains, legumes)
- Healthy fats (olive oil, avocados)
- Plenty of vegetables Patients should eat smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day to maintain stable blood sugar levels and reduce digestive symptoms. It's essential to avoid alcohol, caffeine, and spicy foods, which can trigger symptoms in many NET patients. Adequate hydration is crucial, especially if experiencing diarrhea from the disease or treatments. Individual dietary needs may vary based on the specific hormone secreted by the tumor and symptoms experienced, so working with a registered dietitian who specializes in oncology nutrition is highly recommended. Some patients may need pancreatic enzyme supplements if the tumor affects pancreatic function. This dietary approach helps manage symptoms, supports nutritional status during treatment, and may improve quality of life while undergoing therapy for metastatic disease. Although the provided evidence does not directly address dietary recommendations for metastatic pancreatic NETs, the suggested diet is based on general principles of managing blood sugar fluctuations and nutritional support during cancer treatment 1.
From the Research
Dietary Recommendations for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer
- The most suitable diet for those with metastatic pancreatic cancer is not explicitly stated in the provided studies, but certain nutritional approaches are recommended:
- Early nutritional support is essential to improve nutritional status, quality of life, and survival 2
- Enteral nutrition is preferred over parenteral nutrition 2
- Omega-3 fatty acids and l-carnitine may help prevent severe cachexia, but further research is needed 2, 3
- A diet supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids (e.g., 6% cod liver oil) may reduce tumor volume and metastasis 3
- Malnutrition is a common issue in pancreatic cancer patients, and early identification and management are crucial to improve outcomes 4, 5
- The Mini Nutritional Assessment is a useful tool to screen patients for malnutrition or risk of malnutrition 5
- Diet and exercise interventions may help reverse malnutrition and muscle wasting, but more research is needed to address knowledge gaps 6
Key Nutrients and Supplements
- Omega-3 fatty acids: may help prevent severe cachexia and reduce tumor volume and metastasis 2, 3
- L-carnitine: may help prevent severe cachexia, but further research is needed 2
- Fat-soluble vitamins: may be necessary to combat deficiencies in pancreatic cancer patients 4
- Pancreatic enzymes: may be necessary to manage pancreatic exocrine insufficiency 4