What is roseola (exanthema subitum)?

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Last updated: April 13, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Research

Roseola is a common viral infection that primarily affects infants and young children, typically between 6 months and 2 years of age, and is caused by human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) or occasionally human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), with treatment being primarily supportive care to reduce fever and discomfort, as stated in the most recent study 1.

Key Characteristics of Roseola

  • The condition is characterized by a high fever that lasts for 3-5 days, followed by a distinctive rose-pink rash that appears as the fever breaks.
  • The rash is usually not uncomfortable and may last for a few hours to a few days.
  • Febrile seizures occur in 10 to 15% of children with roseola infantum during the febrile period, as noted in 1.

Transmission and Prevention

  • Roseola spreads through respiratory droplets and saliva, so good hand hygiene can help prevent transmission.
  • Many children develop immunity after infection.

Treatment and Management

  • Treatment for roseola is primarily supportive care, as it's a self-limiting illness that typically resolves on its own within a week.
  • Parents should focus on keeping the child comfortable with acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil) to reduce fever, following age-appropriate dosing guidelines, as recommended in 1.
  • Ensure the child stays well-hydrated by offering frequent small amounts of fluids.

When to Seek Medical Attention

  • Medical attention should be sought if the fever is extremely high, lasts longer than 7 days, or if the child shows signs of complications like persistent irritability, seizures, or severe lethargy.
  • Serious complications are rare and occur more often in individuals who are immunocompromised, as stated in 2 and 1.

References

Research

Roseola Infantum: An Updated Review.

Current pediatric reviews, 2024

Research

Roseola infantum and its causal human herpesviruses.

International journal of dermatology, 2014

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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