What is the classification of Zosyn (piperacillin/tazobactam)?

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Classification of Zosyn (Piperacillin/Tazobactam)

Zosyn is a beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination antibiotic consisting of piperacillin (a penicillin-class antibacterial) and tazobactam (a beta-lactamase inhibitor). 1

Drug Class Components

  • Piperacillin: An extended-spectrum penicillin (ureidopenicillin) that belongs to the beta-lactam class of antibiotics 2, 3
  • Tazobactam: A beta-lactamase inhibitor that protects piperacillin from enzymatic degradation by bacterial beta-lactamases 2, 3

Antimicrobial Spectrum

Zosyn provides broad-spectrum coverage against:

  • Gram-positive aerobic bacteria including many staphylococcal and streptococcal species 2, 3
  • Gram-negative aerobic bacteria including Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2, 3
  • Anaerobic bacteria providing comprehensive coverage for polymicrobial infections 2, 4
  • Beta-lactamase-producing organisms including broad-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and some extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae 3

Clinical Classification Context

In antimicrobial stewardship frameworks, piperacillin/tazobactam is classified as:

  • An antipseudomonal beta-lactam used for empiric coverage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospital-acquired infections 5
  • A first-line agent for febrile neutropenia, showing superior outcomes compared to ceftazidime-based regimens 5
  • A carbapenem-sparing option for infections caused by ESBL-producing organisms, though this remains controversial for bloodstream infections 5

Important Limitations

Piperacillin/tazobactam does NOT provide adequate coverage against:

  • AmpC beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacilli 3
  • Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) 5
  • Difficult-to-treat resistant (DTR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains that are non-susceptible to piperacillin/tazobactam 5
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 5

Regulatory Classification

The FDA classifies piperacillin/tazobactam as indicated for:

  • Intra-abdominal infections 1
  • Nosocomial pneumonia 1
  • Skin and skin structure infections 1
  • Female pelvic infections 1
  • Community-acquired pneumonia 1

References

Research

Piperacillin-tazobactam: a beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination.

Expert review of anti-infective therapy, 2007

Research

Piperacillin/tazobactam: a critical review of the evolving clinical literature.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1996

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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