How can I reduce adhesion formation after shoulder surgery?

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Last updated: April 13, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

To reduce scar tissue buildup after shoulder surgery, it is crucial to prioritize interventions that minimize inflammation and promote optimal wound healing, as excessive scarring can lead to decreased mobility and increased morbidity. When considering the management of scar tissue after shoulder surgery, it's essential to focus on evidence-based practices that improve outcomes in terms of morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. The provided evidence 1 primarily discusses postoperative pain management recommendations for rotator cuff repair surgery, emphasizing the use of systemic analgesia, including paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), as well as regional analgesic techniques like interscalene brachial plexus blockade. While this evidence does not directly address scar tissue management, the principles of reducing inflammation and promoting healing can be applied. Key interventions for reducing scar tissue buildup include:

  • Gentle physical therapy exercises, as recommended by a healthcare provider, to improve mobility and break down adhesions.
  • Application of silicone gel sheets to the scar for extended periods.
  • Massage of the scar tissue with lubricants to break down collagen fibers.
  • Use of over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications, like ibuprofen, to reduce inflammation. Given the importance of minimizing inflammation and promoting healing, the use of NSAIDs, as recommended in the provided evidence 1, can be beneficial in reducing the inflammatory response that contributes to scar tissue formation. However, it's critical to follow the guidance of a healthcare provider and to prioritize interventions that are directly aimed at scar tissue management, considering the potential for NSAIDs to affect wound healing negatively in some contexts. Ultimately, a comprehensive approach that includes physical therapy, topical treatments, and potentially anti-inflammatory medications, under the guidance of a healthcare professional, is essential for managing scar tissue buildup after shoulder surgery effectively.

From the Research

Treatment Options for Scar Tissue Build-up

To address scar tissue build-up after an operation on the shoulder, several treatment options are available, including:

  • Silicone sheets: There is good evidence to support the use of silicone sheets in reducing hypertrophic scars 2
  • Pulsed dye laser (PDL): PDL has been shown to be effective in reducing the prominence of hypertrophic scars 2, 3
  • Intralesional triamcinolone: This treatment involves injecting triamcinolone into the scar tissue and has been found to be effective in reducing hypertrophic scarring 2, 3, 4
  • Dermabrasion: This treatment can help improve the appearance of scars, especially those with an irregular contour 2
  • Radiofrequency, ultrasound, and transepidermal drug delivery: This combined method has been shown to be effective in treating atrophic and hypertrophic scars 5
  • Surgical revision: In some cases, surgical revision of the scar may be necessary, but this should be delayed for at least 12 months unless there is webbing or other complications 2
  • Laser therapy: Fractional ablative lasers have been found to be effective in improving the appearance of hypertrophic scars, especially when used in combination with intralesional corticosteroids 3
  • Intralesional steroid injection: This is a common treatment for hypertrophic scarring and has been found to be effective in reducing scar size and appearance 6

Timing of Treatment

The timing of treatment is important, as scars typically take 18-24 months to mature 2. Treatment should be delayed until the scar has matured, unless there are complications such as webbing or significant functional impairment. In some cases, treatment may be started earlier, such as 8 weeks after surgery, depending on the type of scar and the treatment being used 2, 3.

Considerations

It's essential to note that each treatment option has its own set of considerations, such as potential side effects and the need for multiple treatment sessions. A healthcare professional should be consulted to determine the best course of treatment for individual cases of scar tissue build-up after shoulder surgery. The treatment approach may vary depending on the stage of treatment, scar location, and scar size 6.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Scar tissue.

Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery, 2010

Research

Current use of steroids in management of abnormal raised skin scars.

The surgeon : journal of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh and Ireland, 2007

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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