Differential Diagnosis for Sore Throat
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Viral Pharyngitis: This is the most common cause of sore throat, often associated with other symptoms like cough, runny nose, and fever. It's usually self-limiting and caused by viruses such as rhinovirus, coronavirus, or adenovirus.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep Throat): Caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, this condition presents with severe sore throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. It requires antibiotic treatment to prevent complications.
- Influenza: Influenza virus can cause sore throat, especially during flu season, accompanied by high fever, body aches, and cough.
- Mononucleosis (Mono): Caused by Epstein-Barr virus, mono can lead to severe sore throat, fever, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes, often affecting adolescents and young adults.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Epiglottitis: A life-threatening condition where the epiglottis becomes inflamed, potentially causing airway obstruction. It's characterized by severe sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and shortness of breath.
- Peritonsillar Abscess: A collection of pus behind the tonsils, which can cause severe sore throat, difficulty swallowing, fever, and a muffled voice. It requires prompt drainage and antibiotic treatment.
- Lemierre's Syndrome: A rare but serious condition following a sore throat, characterized by jugular vein thrombosis and septicemia, often caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum.
Rare Diagnoses
- Diphtheria: A bacterial infection causing a sore throat and a distinctive greyish membrane covering the tonsils and throat. It's rare in areas with high vaccination coverage but can be deadly if not treated promptly.
- Gonococcal Pharyngitis: Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, this condition can lead to sore throat, often without other symptoms, and is typically seen in sexually active individuals.
- Tuberculous Pharyngitis: A rare form of tuberculosis affecting the throat, causing sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and weight loss, often in immunocompromised individuals or those from endemic areas.