Differential Diagnosis for Scant Amount of Blood in Saliva
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Gingivitis or periodontal disease: This is the most common cause of blood in saliva due to inflammation of the gums, which can lead to bleeding, especially after brushing or flossing teeth.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Poor oral hygiene: Lack of regular brushing and flossing can lead to gum irritation and bleeding.
- Dental trauma or injury: A blow to the mouth or dental work can cause bleeding in the saliva.
- Bleeding gums due to vitamin deficiency (e.g., vitamin C or K deficiency): Deficiencies in certain vitamins can affect blood clotting and gum health.
- Medication side effects (e.g., anticoagulants): Certain medications can increase the risk of bleeding.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Oral cancer: Although less common, oral cancer can cause bleeding in the saliva and is critical to diagnose early.
- Pulmonary tuberculosis: In rare cases, tuberculosis can cause hemoptysis (coughing up blood), which might be mistaken for blood in saliva.
- Coagulopathy (e.g., hemophilia): Bleeding disorders can cause easy bruising and bleeding, including in the mouth.
- Rare diagnoses
- Thrombocytopenia: A low platelet count can increase the risk of bleeding, including in the mouth.
- Leukemia: Certain types of leukemia can cause bleeding and gum problems due to bone marrow suppression.
- Vasculitis: Inflammation of the blood vessels can cause bleeding and other symptoms, including in the mouth.
- Foreign body in the mouth or throat: An object lodged in the mouth or throat can cause bleeding and should be ruled out, especially in children.