Medical Term for Tympanic Membrane Scarring
The medical terms for tympanic membrane (TM) scarring are myringosclerosis and tympanosclerosis, which refer to calcific deposits and scarring within the layers of the tympanic membrane or middle ear structures. 1
Terminology and Classification
Myringosclerosis specifically describes scarring limited to the tympanic membrane itself, appearing as white plaques or patches on the eardrum. 1 This represents calcium and collagen deposits within the TM layers following inflammation or trauma.
Tympanosclerosis is a broader term that can include scarring of both the tympanic membrane and middle ear structures, though the terms are often used interchangeably in clinical practice. 1
Prevalence and Causes
- Post-tympanostomy tube placement: Myringosclerosis occurs in 17.1% to 37.9% of children following tube placement, making it one of the most common sequelae. 1
- Chronic otitis media: Repeated episodes of middle ear inflammation lead to scarring of the TM. 1
- Trauma: Mechanical injury to the TM can result in scarring during the healing process. 2
Clinical Significance
- Most cases of myringosclerosis are transient or do not affect hearing function, according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 3
- The scarring typically appears as white, chalky plaques on otoscopic examination. 1
- Extensive tympanosclerosis involving the ossicular chain may cause conductive hearing loss, but isolated myringosclerosis of the TM rarely causes significant hearing impairment. 1
Important Clinical Considerations
When documenting TM findings, specify whether scarring is limited to the membrane (myringosclerosis) or involves middle ear structures (tympanosclerosis), as this distinction may influence management decisions for chronic ear disease. 1 The presence of myringosclerosis alone does not typically require intervention unless associated with hearing loss or other complications. 3