How do you differentiate between Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) and Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) in a pediatric patient, possibly an infant, presenting with similar symptoms?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: January 15, 2026View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

PDA와 ASD 청진 소견 감별법

PDA는 연속성 잡음(continuous machinery murmur)이 특징이며, ASD는 고정 분열된 제2심음(fixed split S2)과 수축기 박출성 잡음이 특징입니다. 1, 2

핵심 청진 소견 차이

PDA의 특징적 소견

  • 연속성 잡음(machinery murmur): 수축기와 이완기 모두에서 들리는 기계음 같은 잡음이 좌측 쇄골하 부위에서 가장 잘 들립니다 1
  • 넓은 맥압과 경계성 맥박(bounding pulse): 이완기 혈류 역류로 인한 특징적 소견입니다 1
  • 잡음 위치: 좌측 쇄골하 부위(left infraclavicular area)에서 최대 1

ASD의 특징적 소견

  • 고정 분열된 제2심음(fixed split S2): 호흡에 관계없이 일정하게 분열된 제2심음이 가장 중요한 감별점입니다 1, 2
  • 폐동맥 부위의 수축기 박출성 잡음: 우심실을 통한 증가된 혈류로 인해 발생합니다 1, 2
  • 삼첨판 부위의 이완기 럼블(diastolic rumble): 큰 단락이 있을 때 삼첨판을 통한 증가된 혈류로 인해 발생하며, 흡기 시 증가합니다 1, 2
  • 제1심음의 증가: 삼첨판 성분이 강조됩니다 2

임상적 감별 포인트

맥박 및 혈압 소견

  • PDA: 넓은 맥압, 경계성 맥박이 특징적입니다 1
  • ASD: 일반적으로 정상 활력징후를 보입니다 1

호흡 변화에 따른 반응

  • PDA: 연속성 잡음은 호흡에 영향을 받지 않습니다 1
  • ASD: 고정 분열된 제2심음은 호흡에 관계없이 일정하며, 이완기 럼블은 흡기 시 증가합니다 2

진단 확정을 위한 검사

심초음파 검사

심초음파는 진단의 표준 검사법(gold standard)으로, 결손 부위를 직접 시각화하고 단락을 확인하며 우심실 용적 과부하를 평가합니다 1

추가 검사

  • 심전도 및 흉부 X-ray: 우심실 비대와 폐혈류 증가 징후를 평가합니다 1
  • 심장 MRI: 단락의 크기와 방향을 정량화하고 해부학적 구조를 명확히 합니다 3

주의사항

아이젠멩거 증후군 발생 시

PDA에서 아이젠멩거 증후군이 발생하면 연속성 잡음이 소실되고 차등 청색증(하지의 청색증)이 나타날 수 있습니다 3

성인에서의 고려사항

ASD는 성인에서 가장 흔하게 진단되는 선천성 심질환 중 하나로, 약 57%가 폐쇄 없이 성인기까지 생존하며 종종 우연히 발견됩니다 1

References

Guideline

Diagnosis and Management of Adult Congenital Heart Defects

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Guideline

Atrial Septal Defect Characteristics

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Related Questions

What is the likelihood of a 20-year-old male with a recent upper respiratory infection (URI) and normal vital signs, presenting with an abnormal heart sound, having an atrial septal defect (ASD) versus a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What is the management approach for patients with Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) and Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)?
What are the best treatment options for Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) and Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)?
What is patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), the significance of a displaced point of maximal impulse (PMI), and the anatomy of the heart including atria, ventricles, and valves?
What is the diagnosis and treatment for a child with a continuous machinery murmur heard best at the second left intercostal space?
Why is Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) not typically considered a common cause of pharyngitis in children under 3 years old?
What type of calcium is best to incorporate in a dialysate bath to increase the calcium level to 3.5 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L) for an adult or elderly patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and a history of cardiovascular or bone disease?
Can calcium gluconate be used to mix in dialysate for an adult or elderly patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and a history of cardiovascular or bone disease?
How to differentiate and manage a patient presenting with symptoms of migraine with visual aura versus retinal migraine, considering potential risk of permanent vision loss?
What are the guidelines for a sigmoid resection using a stapler in an adult patient with a confirmed diagnosis of a condition affecting the sigmoid colon, such as diverticulitis or colorectal cancer?
What is the differential diagnosis and initial management approach for a patient presenting with pulsating tinnitus?

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.