What are the side effects and their prevalence of Aripiprazole (Abilify, 5mg tablet), Ziprasidone (Geodon, 20mg/mL single-dose injectable), Sertraline (Zoloft, 50mg tablet), Venlafaxine (Effexor XR, 75mg tablet), Lorazepam (Ativan, 1mg tablet), Diazepam (Valium, 5mg/mL pre-filled syringe), Zaleplon (Sonata, 10mg capsules/tablets), Zolpidem (Ambien, 5mg tablet), Melatonin (3mg tablet), Modafinil (Provigil, 200mg tablet), Caffeine (Vivarin, 200mg tablet), Ketamine (Ketalar, 50mg/mL injectable), Diphenhydramine (Benadryl, 25mg capsule / 50mg/mL injectable), and Promethazine (Phenergan, 25mg tablet / 25mg/mL injectable)?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: April 14, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

From the Guidelines

Aripiprazole (Abilify) commonly causes nausea, vomiting, constipation, headache, dizziness, and akathisia (restlessness) in 10-20% of patients, while Ziprasidone (Geodon) injectable can cause sedation (15-30%), headache (15%), nausea (12%), and injection site pain (10%). The side effects of these medications can vary significantly, and it is essential to consider the potential risks and benefits when prescribing them.

Side Effects of Medications

  • Aripiprazole (Abilify): nausea, vomiting, constipation, headache, dizziness, akathisia (restlessness) (10-20%) 1
  • Ziprasidone (Geodon) injectable: sedation (15-30%), headache (15%), nausea (12%), injection site pain (10%) 1
  • Sertraline (Zoloft): nausea (25%), insomnia (20%), diarrhea (15%), sexual dysfunction (15-20%), headache (15%) 1
  • Venlafaxine (Effexor XR): nausea (30%), headache (25%), dry mouth (20%), dizziness (15%), increased blood pressure (5-10%) 1
  • Lorazepam (Ativan): sedation (30-40%), dizziness (10%), weakness (10%), habit-forming with prolonged use 1
  • Diazepam (Valium) injectable: drowsiness (30%), fatigue (15%), ataxia (10%) 1
  • Zaleplon (Sonata) and Zolpidem (Ambien): headache (10-15%), dizziness (10%), next-day drowsiness (5-10%), rare cases of complex sleep behaviors 1
  • Melatonin: mild side effects like headache and dizziness (5-10%) 1
  • Modafinil (Provigil): headache (25%), nausea (10%), anxiety (8%) 1
  • Caffeine tablets: jitteriness (25%), increased heart rate (20%), insomnia (15%) 1
  • Ketamine injectable: dissociation (50-75%), increased blood pressure (30%), nausea (25%) 1
  • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl): sedation (50%), dry mouth (30%), dizziness (15%) 1
  • Promethazine (Phenergan): sedation (40%), dizziness (15%), dry mouth (15%), risk of tissue damage with injectable forms 1

It is crucial to note that individual responses to medications can vary significantly, and the percentages provided are approximate. When prescribing these medications, it is essential to consider the potential risks and benefits and to monitor patients closely for any adverse effects.

From the FDA Drug Label

What are the possible side effects of aripiprazole tablets? Aripiprazole tablets may cause serious side effects, including: • Stroke in elderly people (cerebrovascular problems) that can lead to death • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS): • Uncontrolled body movements (tardive dyskinesia). • Problems with your metabolism such as: • High blood sugar (hyperglycemia) and diabetes: • Increased fat levels (cholesterol and triglycerides) in your blood. • Weight gain • Unusual urges. • Orthostatic hypotension (decreased blood pressure): • Falls. • Low white blood cell count • Seizures (convulsions) • Problems with control of your body temperature • Difficulty swallowing that can cause food or liquid to get into your lungs The most common side effects of aripiprazole tablets in adults include: • Nausea • dizziness • vomiting • anxiety • constipation • insomnia • headache • restlessness • blurred vision • inner sense of restlessness/need to move (akathisia) • upper respiratory illness The most common side effects of aripiprazole tablets in children include: • feeling sleepy • insomnia • headache • nausea • vomiting • stuffy nose • fatigue • weight gain • increased or decreased appetite • uncontrolled movement such as restlessness, tremor • increased saliva or drooling • muscle stiffness

The side effects of Aripiprazole (Abilify, 5mg tablet) include:

  • Serious side effects: stroke, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, uncontrolled body movements, metabolic problems, unusual urges, orthostatic hypotension, falls, low white blood cell count, seizures, temperature control problems, and difficulty swallowing.
  • Common side effects in adults: nausea, dizziness, vomiting, anxiety, constipation, insomnia, headache, restlessness, blurred vision, akathisia, and upper respiratory illness.
  • Common side effects in children: sleepiness, insomnia, headache, nausea, vomiting, stuffy nose, fatigue, weight gain, appetite changes, uncontrolled movement, increased saliva, and muscle stiffness. 2

From the Research

Side Effects of Medications

  • Aripiprazole (Abilify, 5mg tablet):
    • Akathisia incidence was significantly higher in patients with affective disorders compared to those with schizophrenia 3
    • Improved metabolic profile and reduced atherogenic dyslipidemia when switched from other antipsychotic drugs 4
    • Effective in treating first-episode nonaffective psychosis with a lower treatment discontinuation rate compared to quetiapine 5
  • Ziprasidone (Geodon, 20mg/mL single-dose injectable):
    • Improved metabolic profile and reduced atherogenic dyslipidemia when switched from other antipsychotic drugs, with favorable secondary measures such as weight and BMI loss 4
    • Higher treatment discontinuation rate compared to aripiprazole in first-episode nonaffective psychosis 5
  • Sertraline (Zoloft, 50mg tablet):
    • Combined with low-dose aripiprazole, showed improved efficacy in treating fresh major depressive disorder 6
  • Venlafaxine (Effexor XR, 75mg tablet):
    • Frequently used in combination with mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics for treating bipolar depression, although efficacy of these combinations has not been extensively studied 7
  • Lorazepam (Ativan, 1mg tablet), Diazepam (Valium, 5mg/mL pre-filled syringe), Zaleplon (Sonata, 10mg capsules/tablets), Zolpidem (Ambien, 5mg tablet), Melatonin (3mg tablet), Modafinil (Provigil, 200mg tablet), Caffeine (Vivarin, 200mg tablet), Ketamine (Ketalar, 50mg/mL injectable), Diphenhydramine (Benadryl, 25mg capsule / 50mg/mL injectable), Promethazine (Phenergan, 25mg tablet / 25mg/mL injectable):
    • No relevant information found in the provided studies

Prevalence of Side Effects

  • The prevalence of side effects for the mentioned medications is not explicitly stated in the provided studies, but the studies suggest that:
    • Aripiprazole and ziprasidone may have favorable metabolic profiles and lower risks of certain side effects compared to other antipsychotic drugs 4
    • Quetiapine may have a higher risk of treatment discontinuation due to insufficient efficacy in first-episode nonaffective psychosis 5
    • Combination therapies, such as those involving venlafaxine, may be commonly used in clinical practice, but their efficacy and safety profiles require further study 7

Related Questions

What is the most appropriate next step for a 28-year-old female with bipolar disorder taking Lamictal (lamotrigine) who develops a rash?
What are the recommendations for a 62-year-old female with a history of depression, currently taking sertraline (Zoloft) 100mg daily, aripiprazole (Abilify) 5mg daily, and Auvelity (dextromethorphan-bupropion) 105-45mg twice a day, with well-managed depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score of 3) and no anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) score of 0)?
What is an appropriate alternative antidepressant for a 74-year-old female with anxiety and depressive symptoms, who experienced dizziness with escitalopram (citalopram's isomer) 10mg and nausea with sertraline, and prefers a medication that does not cause weight gain?
What is the most appropriate alternative medication for a 36-year-old woman with bipolar I disorder, currently stable on valproate (valproic acid), who wishes to become pregnant and discontinue valproate due to its teratogenic effects?
What medication adjustments can be made for an 18-year-old patient with persistent suicidal thoughts and depression despite being on aripiprazole (5mg), Prozac (fluoxetine, 40mg), and Trazodone (50mg)?
Is loratadine (antihistamine) safe to use in a patient with Impaired renal function undergoing hemodialysis (HD)?
What is the treatment for diverticulosis?
What antibiotics are safe for patients with impaired renal function and undergoing hemodialysis (HD)?
What is the appropriate antibiotic choice to treat a urinary tract infection with Actinotignum schaalii in a patient with an indwelling urinary catheter (IUC)?
What is the maximum number of X-rays (X-radiation) that can be performed safely in a year without causing radiation-induced adverse effects?
What are the causes of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)?

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.