From the Research
The hand is a complex anatomical structure consisting of 27 bones, including 8 carpal bones in the wrist, 5 metacarpal bones forming the palm, and 14 phalanges making up the fingers, with a range of motion (ROM) that includes wrist flexion, extension, ulnar deviation, radial deviation, and movements of the fingers and thumb. The bones of the hand are connected by numerous joints and stabilized by ligaments, including the collateral ligaments and volar plate. The hand contains both intrinsic muscles (originating within the hand) and extrinsic muscles (originating in the forearm), with intrinsic muscles including the thenar muscles, hypothenar muscles, lumbricals, and interossei. Some key points about the hand anatomy and ROM include:
- Wrist flexion (80°) and extension (70°)
- Ulnar deviation (30-45°) and radial deviation (15-20°)
- Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint flexion (90°) and extension (30-45°)
- Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint flexion (100-110°) and extension (0°)
- Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint flexion (70-90°) and extension (0°)
- Thumb movements, including opposition, abduction, adduction, flexion, and extension However, none of the provided studies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 directly address the anatomy of the hand or its range of motion, so the information provided is based on general knowledge of anatomy. Maintaining hand ROM through regular exercises is crucial for preserving function, especially after injury or with aging, as limitations can significantly impact daily activities. It is essential to prioritize exercises that promote flexibility and strength in the hand and wrist to prevent or mitigate the effects of conditions that could lead to reduced mobility and function.