Are Candidiasis and Vaginal Yeast Infection the Same?
Yes, candidiasis and vaginal yeast infection are the same condition—vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is simply the medical term for what is commonly called a vaginal yeast infection. 1, 2
Terminology and Definition
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and "vaginal yeast infection" are interchangeable terms referring to the same clinical condition caused by yeast colonization, most frequently by Candida albicans. 1
The terms "monilia" or "candidiasis" are also used by physicians to describe this same infection. 3
VVC is characterized by vaginal itching (the most specific symptom), abnormal discharge, soreness, swelling, dyspareunia, and dysuria. 2, 4
Clinical Context
VVC represents the second most common cause of vaginal infections in the United States, affecting 70-75% of women during their lifetime. 1
The condition is caused by an overgrowth of yeast (Candida species) that may normally live in the vagina, with Candida albicans responsible for nearly 90% of cases. 3, 5
Approximately 10-20% of women normally harbor Candida species in the vagina without symptoms, so the presence of yeast alone does not equal infection—both symptoms and laboratory findings are needed for diagnosis. 4
Important Distinction
While VVC is included in sexually transmitted disease treatment guidelines because it's commonly evaluated alongside STDs, it is not considered a sexually transmitted infection. 1
VVC is associated with sexual activity but is not exclusively an STD, and treating male partners has not been shown to prevent recurrence. 1