Differential Diagnosis for Testicular Pain and Mass in Young Male
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Epididymitis: This is the most common cause of testicular pain and mass in young males, often resulting from bacterial infection, typically Chlamydia or Gonorrhea. The symptoms include pain, swelling, and tenderness of the epididymis, which can be accompanied by urinary symptoms.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Testicular torsion: Although less common than epididymitis, testicular torsion is a significant cause of acute testicular pain and can present with a mass if the torsion leads to swelling. It's a medical emergency requiring prompt intervention.
- Varicocele: A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins. It can cause a mass or swelling and may be associated with a dull ache or discomfort.
- Hydrocele: A hydrocele is an accumulation of fluid around a testicle, leading to swelling of the scrotum. It can cause discomfort and may be associated with a mass.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Testicular cancer: Although relatively rare, testicular cancer is a critical diagnosis not to miss. It often presents as a painless testicular mass but can be associated with pain in some cases.
- Acute orchitis: Inflammation of one or both testicles, usually caused by bacterial or viral infections. It can present with pain, swelling, and a mass.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Spermatocele: A spermatocele is a cystic mass that forms at the head of the epididymis and contains sperm. It's usually painless but can cause discomfort or a sensation of a mass.
- Cystic dysplasia of the testis: A rare congenital anomaly that can present as a testicular mass.
- Adrenal rest tumors: Rare, benign tumors that can occur in the testes, associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. They can cause testicular masses and may be associated with pain.