What generation of cephalosporin (antibiotic class) is cefuroxime?

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Cefuroxime Generation Classification

Cefuroxime is a second-generation cephalosporin. 1

Classification Basis

  • Cephalosporins are classified into generations based primarily on their spectrum of activity against gram-negative bacteria, with each successive generation typically having expanded gram-negative coverage 2
  • Second-generation cephalosporins like cefuroxime have enhanced gram-negative coverage compared to first-generation agents while maintaining good gram-positive activity 2

Key Antimicrobial Characteristics

Spectrum of Activity:

  • Cefuroxime demonstrates excellent activity against both gram-positive organisms (staphylococci, streptococci excluding enterococci) and gram-negative pathogens 3, 4
  • It has particularly strong activity against Haemophilus influenzae (including beta-lactamase producing strains), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae 3, 5
  • Among the Enterobacteriaceae, it covers E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis 3

Beta-Lactamase Stability:

  • A defining feature of cefuroxime as a second-generation agent is its enhanced resistance to beta-lactamases produced by staphylococci and most gram-negative aerobic bacteria 6, 5
  • This beta-lactamase stability makes it effective against organisms resistant to first-generation cephalosporins like cephalothin 4, 6

Clinical Context in Guidelines

Guideline Recognition:

  • Multiple international guidelines explicitly classify cefuroxime as a second-generation cephalosporin when recommending empirical therapy 1
  • The IWGDF/IDSA 2023 guidelines list cefuroxime alongside third-generation agents (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone) for moderate-to-severe diabetic foot infections, noting its classification as "2nd generation" in parentheses 1
  • Taiwan pneumonia guidelines similarly designate cefuroxime as a second-generation agent when treating beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae 1

References

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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