Anatomical Location of the Scaphoid
The scaphoid is the largest carpal bone located on the radial (thumb) side of the wrist, positioned in the proximal carpal row where it uniquely bridges both the proximal and distal carpal rows. 1
Specific Anatomical Position
The scaphoid sits between the radius proximally and the trapezium/trapezoid distally, serving as a critical link bone that connects the two rows of carpal bones. 2
Approximately 80% of the scaphoid surface is covered by articular cartilage, which significantly limits its ligamentous attachments and vascular supply. 1
The bone is located on the radial (lateral) aspect of the wrist, making it palpable in the anatomical snuffbox region between the extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons. 3
Functional Significance of Its Location
The scaphoid's unique position bridging both carpal rows subjects it to continuous shearing and bending forces, making it the most commonly fractured carpal bone in the wrist. 1
It acts as a stabilizing link that prevents buckling of the midcarpal joint, particularly at the capitato-lunate joint interface during wrist movements. 2
The scaphoid articulates with multiple bones including the radius, lunate, capitate, trapezium, and trapezoid, giving it a central role in wrist biomechanics and stability. 4
Clinical Relevance
Tenderness in the scaphoid region (anatomical snuffbox) on physical examination indicates potential scaphoid pathology and warrants imaging evaluation even if initial radiographs are negative. 3
The scaphoid's blood supply enters through the distal pole, making proximal pole fractures particularly vulnerable to avascular necrosis due to compromised vascular supply. 1