What is the diagnosis for a patient with hyponatremia (sodium level of 135), hyperglycemia (glucose level of 200), hypochloremia (chloride level of 97), mildly elevated total bilirubin (1.8), leukocytosis (white blood cell count of 11.5), normal hematocrit (46.7), absolute neutrophil count of 1.1, glycosuria (urine glucose of 250), ketonuria (urine ketones of 15), proteinuria (urine protein of 100), pyuria (urine white blood cell count of 6-10), and bacteriuria, with a history of hypertension (high blood pressure) and no history of diabetes, and imaging showing mild circumferential thickening of the bladder wall?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: April 14, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

Differential Diagnosis

  • Single most likely diagnosis
    • Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): The presence of high glucose levels in both blood (200) and urine (250), along with ketones in the urine (15), strongly suggests DKA, even though there's no history of diabetes. The patient's symptoms and lab results are consistent with this diagnosis.
  • Other Likely diagnoses
    • Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): The urinalysis shows the presence of bacteria, WBCs (6-10), and protein (100), which are indicative of a UTI. The mild circumferential thickening of the bladder wall on the CT scan also supports this diagnosis.
    • Dehydration: The elevated hematocrit (46.7) and the presence of granular casts in the urine suggest dehydration, which could be contributing to the patient's condition.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
    • Sepsis: Although the WBC count is elevated (11.5), the presence of bacteria in the urine and the patient's overall condition warrant consideration of sepsis, especially if the patient shows signs of systemic infection.
    • Emphysematous Cystitis: Although the CT scan does not show air within the bladder wall, this condition can be life-threatening and should be considered, especially in the context of diabetes (even if not previously diagnosed) and urinary tract infection.
  • Rare diagnoses
    • Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS): This is a rare condition that can occur in patients with diabetes, characterized by extremely high blood glucose levels and dehydration. Although the glucose level is not extremely high in this case, it's a possibility to consider, especially if the patient's condition worsens.
    • Interstitial Nephritis: The presence of granular casts and protein in the urine could suggest interstitial nephritis, although this would be less likely given the other findings.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.