What sulfa (sulfonamide) drug is used topically?

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Last updated: April 15, 2025View editorial policy

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From the FDA Drug Label

INDICATIONS AND USAGE Sulfacetamide sodium ophthalmic solution USP, 10% is indicated for the treatment of conjunctivitis and other superficial ocular infections due to susceptible microorganisms, and as an adjunctive in systemic sulfonamide therapy of trachoma

  • The sulfa drug that is a topical is sulfacetamide sodium, which is applied topically to the eyes for the treatment of conjunctivitis and other superficial ocular infections 1

From the Research

Silver sulfadiazine is the most effective topical sulfa drug for the treatment of burns and wound infections, as evidenced by its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and low risk of resistance development 2.

Key Characteristics of Silver Sulfadiazine

  • Available as a cream, typically in a 1% concentration
  • Applied directly to the affected area one to two times daily
  • Works by inhibiting bacterial growth through interference with folic acid synthesis in bacteria
  • Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as some yeasts

Important Considerations for Use

  • Clean the wound before application
  • Continue treatment until the wound is healed or ready for grafting
  • Monitor patients for potential side effects, including skin discoloration, burning sensation, or allergic reactions
  • Avoid use in patients with known sulfa allergies due to risk of cross-reactivity

Recent Studies Supporting the Use of Silver Sulfadiazine

  • A 2020 study demonstrated the effectiveness of a novel aerosol formulation of silver sulfadiazine against biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus 3
  • A 2016 study showed that the addition of zinc pyrithione to silver sulfadiazine ointment improved its antimicrobial activity against wound-associated bacterial infections 4
  • A 2022 study found that resistance development to silver sulfadiazine is low and does not confer resistance to several antibiotic classes 2

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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